Model Resolution Sensitivity of the Simulation of North Atlantic Oscillation Teleconnections to Precipitation Extremes

Mahajan, Salil; Evans, Katherine J.; Branstetter, M. L.; Tang, Qi

doi:10.1029/2018jd028594

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), formerly known as the Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy, is a new and ongoing U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) climate modeling effort to develop a high‐resolution Earth system model specifically targeting next‐generation DOE supercomputers to meet the science needs of the nation and the mission needs of DOE (Bader et al, ). Its Atmosphere Model version 0 (EAMv0) is based on the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 (CAM5.3; Neale et al, ), which has a resolution of 1° in horizontal and 30 layers in vertical, but it adopts the SE dynamical core (Dennis et al, ) and makes a few adjustments to the physical parameter settings to achieve energy balance (Mahajan et al, ). The EAM version 1 (EAMv1) was developed from EAMv0 with significant increase of model resolution and notable changes to its physical parameterizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Cloud and Convective Characteristics in Version 1 of the E3SM Atmosphere Model

Xie

Lin

Rasch

et al. 2018

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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131

221

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This study provides comprehensive insight into the notable differences in clouds and precipitation simulated by the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 0 and version 1 (EAMv1). Several sensitivity experiments are conducted to isolate the impact of changes in model physics, resolution, and parameter choices on these differences. The overall improvement in EAMv1 clouds and precipitation is primarily attributed to the introduction of a simplified third-order turbulence parameterization Cloud Layers Unified By Binormals (along with the companion changes) for a unified treatment of boundary layer turbulence, shallow convection, and cloud macrophysics, though it also leads to a reduction in subtropical coastal stratocumulus clouds. This lack of stratocumulus clouds is considerably improved by increasing vertical resolution from 30 to 72 layers, but the gain is unfortunately subsequently offset by other retuning to reach the top-of-atmosphere energy balance. Increasing vertical resolution also results in a considerable underestimation of high clouds over the tropical warm pool, primarily due to the selection for numerical stability of a higher air parcel launch level in the deep convection scheme. Increasing horizontal resolution from 1°to 0.25°without retuning leads to considerable degradation in cloud and precipitation fields, with much weaker tropical and subtropical short-and longwave cloud radiative forcing and much stronger precipitation in the intertropical convergence zone, indicating poor scale awareness of the cloud parameterizations. To avoid this degradation, significantly different parameter settings for the low-resolution (1°) and high-resolution (0.25°) were required to achieve optimal performance in EAMv1. Plain Language Summary The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) is a new and ongoingU.S. Department of Energy (DOE) climate modeling effort to develop a high-resolution Earth system model specifically targeting next-generation DOE supercomputers to meet the science needs of the nation and the mission needs of DOE. The increase of model resolution along with improvements in representing cloud and convective processes in the E3SM atmosphere model version 1 has led to quite significant model behavior changes from its earlier version, particularly in simulated clouds and precipitation. To understand what causes the model behavior changes, this study conducts sensitivity experiments to isolate the impact of changes in model physics, resolution, and parameter choices on these changes. Results from these sensitivity tests and discussions on the underlying physical processes provide substantial insight into the model errors and guidance for future E3SM development. Key Points:• CLUBB along with the companion changes in EAMv1 primarily account for the overall improvements in clouds and precipitation simulation • Underestimate of coastal Sc in EAMv1 is due to CLUBB and model tuning; increased vertical resolution partially offsets this degradation • The poor scale awareness of EAMv1 r...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Cloud and Convective Characteristics in Version 1 of the E3SM Atmosphere Model

Xie

Lin

Rasch

et al. 2018

J Adv Model Earth Syst

Self Cite

131

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns have been considered in this study to identify their associations with nonstationary annual precipitation series over Norway mainland, including (annual oscillations) the Scandinavian pattern (SCAND), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern (EAWR) as well as (interannual-to-decadal oscillations) the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). These teleconnection patterns have been associated in the literature not only with common meteorological variables such as precipitation and temperature, but also with streamflow, snow cover, or crop production (e.g., Delworth & Zeng, 2016;Irannezhad et al, 2020;Mahajan et al, 2018;Wu & Hu, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Attribution of Norwegian Annual Precipitation Variability Related to Teleconnections

Zhou

Ruan

et al. 2022

Earth and Space Science

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Detection and attribution of precipitation variability are fundamentally challenging, especially in the presence of complex nonlinear relationships between precipitation variability and large‐scale teleconnections. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we identify abrupt changes and the trend and periodicity characteristics of long‐term (1950–2019) annual precipitation series over the Norway mainland by using the Multiple Comparison Procedures, the Mann‐Kendall test, and the Wavelet Analysis. Second, we interpret the variability characteristics found over five regions of Norway by exploring their relationships with teleconnections through the Maximal Information Coefficient. The results indicate that significant abrupt changes appeared in the mean (variance) value of annual precipitation series at 117 (49) out of 159 rainfall stations of five regions in Norway at a significance level of 0.05. The occurrences of change points varied from 1979 to 1984 in five regions of Norway. The mean and variance of the annual precipitation series increased by 32% and 16% at most, respectively, compared with those values before the change points. The first periodicity (spanning four to five decades) was the dominant periodic component and could be used to best characterize the Norwegian precipitation variability. Because the subtropical Azores High (subpolar Icelandic Low) moves toward (away from) Europe, the relationship between the annual precipitation series and the Scandinavian pattern (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) series tended to be of an upward (downward) hook structure. The association of precipitation variability and teleconnections found in this study can pave the way for new possibilities with regard to detection and attribution of precipitation variability.

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“…F. Wehner et al, , 2014Mahajan et al, 2015;X. Huang & Ullrich, 2017;Mahajan et al, 2018;Srivastava et al, 2020a;Bador et al, 2020;Schiemann et al, 2018;Balaguru et al, 2020; M. Wehner et al, 2021;Rhoades et al, 2021a;Mahajan et al, 2022). For the relatively small range of horizontal resolutions found across the CMIP6 (Eyring et al, 2016) ensemble, horizontal resolution is not a good predictor of model performance for rainfall extremes (Akinsanola et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the water cycle over CONUS at the watershed scale for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) across resolutions

Harrop

Balaguru

Golaz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The water cycle is an important component of the earth system and it plays a key role in many facets of society, including energy production, agriculture, and human health and safety. In this study, the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) is run with low-resolution (roughly 110 km) and high-resolution (roughly 25 km) configurations -as established by the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project protocol -to evaluate the atmospheric and terrestrial water budgets over the conterminous United States (CONUS) at the large watershed scale. The water cycle slows down in the HR experiment relative to the LR, with decreasing fluxes of precipitation, evapotranspiration, atmospheric moisture convergence, and runoff. The reductions in these terms exacerbate biases for some watersheds, while reducing them in others. For example, precipitation biases are exacerbated at HR over the Eastern and Central CONUS watersheds, while precipitation biases are reduced at HR over the Western CONUS watersheds. The most pronounced changes to the water cycle come from reductions in precipitation and evapotranspiration, the latter of which results from decreases in evaporative fraction. While the HR simulation is warmer than the LR, moisture convergence decreases despite the increased atmospheric water vapor, suggesting circulation biases are an important factor. Additional exploratory metrics show improvements to water cycle extremes (both in precipitation and streamflow), fractional contributions of different storm types to total precipitation, and mountain snowpack.

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Model Resolution Sensitivity of the Simulation of North Atlantic Oscillation Teleconnections to Precipitation Extremes

Cited by 12 publications

References 80 publications

Understanding Cloud and Convective Characteristics in Version 1 of the E3SM Atmosphere Model

Understanding Cloud and Convective Characteristics in Version 1 of the E3SM Atmosphere Model

Detection and Attribution of Norwegian Annual Precipitation Variability Related to Teleconnections

Evaluating the water cycle over CONUS at the watershed scale for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1) across resolutions

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