Model-free kinetic analysis of melamine–formaldehyde resin cure

Kandelbauer, Andreas; Wuzella, Günter; Mahendran, Arunjunai Raj; Taudes, I.; Widsten, Petri

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2009.05.027

Cited by 98 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Most importantly, thermal analysis can be used with advantage to derive kinetic models that allow a better understanding of the curing process. In the past decade, a number of studies describing the application of model-free kinetic analysis approaches have been published for analyzing the dynamics of cross-linking of resins (such as epoxy [109À111], lignin-based [112,113], aminoplastic [114,115], and phenolic resins [112,113,116]) using thermochemical data obtained from DSC. In model-free kinetic data analysis the isoconversional approach is important.…”

Section: At-line and Off-line Methods For Resin Cure Modeling: Thermamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kandelbauer

2014

Handbook of Thermoset Plastics

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Section: At-line and Off-line Methods For Resin Cure Modeling: Thermamentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing

Kandelbauer

2014

Handbook of Thermoset Plastics

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“…[1][2][3][4] As a typical thermosetting resin, MF resin is usually stiff and brittle after being cured, and is always used as coating, adhesive, finishing agent, etc. [5][6][7][8] To expand the application of MF resin and fully use its favorable nonflammability, melamine fiber, which has excellent flame retardancy, was conceived and has been attracting a lot of attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melamine formaldehyde/polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber: Structure and properties manipulated by hydroxymethylation degree

Dong

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Composite fibers made of different hydroxymethylation degree (HMD) melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins and polyvinyl alcohol were prepared by wet spinning. The structures of MF resins and composite fibers were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Kjeldahl. The fibers' mechanical properties, fire retardant properties, softening point in hot water, and thermal stability were also tested. Results show that with the increase of HMD, the compatibility between MF and PVA gets better; the breaking strength and thermal stability of the fibers increase, while the nitrogen-loss rate, the elongation at break, and SP decrease. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40678.

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“…when we used a stepwise pH value decrease to the lowest pH value. This is explained by faster MF resin polymerization [29,30], curing reactions [31] and consecutive deposition [20] of MF resin on microcapsules surface at lower pH values. In MC(6.0-4.5/ step) synthesis the final weight percentage of MF resin was reached already at 90 minutes (30 minutes after lowering the pH value from 6.0 to 4.5).…”

Section: Characterization Of Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation of butyl stearate with melamine-formaldehyde resin: Effect of decreasing the pH value on the composition and thermal stability of microcapsules

Alič¹,

Šebenik²,

Krajnc³

2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The object of this study was to investigate how different decreasing of pH regimes during microencapsulation process with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin affects the composition, morphology and thermal stability of microcapsules containing a phase-change material (PCM). Technical butyl stearate was used as PCM. Microencapsulation was carried out at 70°C. For all experiments the starting pH value was 6.0. After one hour of microencapsulation at the starting pH value, the pH value was lowered to final pH value (5.5; 5.0; 4.5) in a stepwise or linear way. The properties of microcapsules were monitored during and after the microencapsulation process. The results showed that pH value decreasing regime was critical for the morphology and stability of microcapsules. During microencapsulations with a stepwise decrease of pH value we observed faster increase of the amount of MF resin in the microencapsulation product compared to the microencapsulations with a linear pH value decrease. However, faster deposition in the case of microencapsulations with stepwise decrease of pH value did not result in thicker MF shells. The shell thickness increased much faster when the pH value was decreased in a linear way or in several smaller steps. It was shown that for the best thermal stability of microcapsules, the pH value during microencapsulation had to be lowered in a linear way or in smaller steps to 5.0 or lower.

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Model-free kinetic analysis of melamine–formaldehyde resin cure

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

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Melamine formaldehyde/polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber: Structure and properties manipulated by hydroxymethylation degree

Microencapsulation of butyl stearate with melamine-formaldehyde resin: Effect of decreasing the pH value on the composition and thermal stability of microcapsules

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