Model for developing a database for risk analysis

Enclosing rail capacity/punctuality in accessibility measures: a two-step approach by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process

“…For instance, in France, the B language was used for the functional requirements formal specification related to the SACEM system of RER Line A in Paris [4 and 5] as well as it was the case for the automatic train system of the metro line 14, the first driver-less metro line in Paris [6,7]. Accordingly, in the trend of enhancing the use of formal techniques in critical software and systems construction, one of the ultimate goals of this study is to embody Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) in critical software development process using a conversion methodology, which produces B abstract machines and preserves all the information contained in the Petri Net models.…”

“…The coloured Petri nets (CP-nets) [4] are a backward compatible extension of the concept of Petri nets, and have widened the usage in practical work by their dedicated tool -CPN Tools. To enhance the specification ability of CP-nets, the CPN Tools version 4.0, supporting the transition priority, could specify priority P HIGH, P NORMAL or P LOW [5], [6] for transitions, and could also assign to each transition a natural number as its priority level. Normally, in railway applications, processes could have different priorities.…”

“…Based on infrastructure and/or rolling stock characteristics it is possible to evaluate (or even better simulate with software tools) the speed-diagrams along each section of a line for each train type. For the evaluation of the waiting time related to service frequency (scheduled departures), it could be easy and straightforward to use a deterministic approach, as already proposed in many scientific contributions (see [6], [7] and [8]). However to better represent this parameter or to propose different and more detailed analyses for peak or off-peak hours, it could be useful to extend the approach by including the actual (continuous or discrete) distribution of the departures (scheduled timetable) and the distribution of passengers' preferred time of departure based on a model (e.g.…”

“…A noticeable number of academic studies have been devoted to finding effective algorithms for real-time railway traffic management [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. These papers deal with this scheduling and routing problem based on different modeling choices as: the inclusion, limitation or exclusion of re-routing options; the consideration of train speed variation dynamics with different levels of simplification; the level of detail used for the infrastructure representation; the minimization of the total secondary delay, of the maximum one, or of the time to get back to the planned traffic situation.…”

“…The authors choose two case studies from the document of the description of principles and operating rules of European Train Control System (ETCS), and apply it on the French European LGV-Est line. The two case studies are modelled with the semi-formal UML language and formally validated with the B method [6]- [7]. This work is sponsored by the ANR Research Project: PERFECT.…”