Model Based Analysis of Trunk Exoskeleton for Human Efforts Reduction

Panero, Elisa; Muscolo, Giovanni Gerardo; Pastorelli, Stefano Paolo; Gastaldi, Laura

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19648-6_47

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The breast skin can be as thick as approximately 6 mm (in males) [ 8 ], while the eyelid skin only reaches 800 µm [ 9 ]; Stretchability—also variable with age, newborns skin can be subjected to a deformation of 75% before rupture, while for the elderly this value decreases to 60% [ 7 ]; Flexibility—skin is highly flexible, especially in some anatomical places. For example, during squat position, the knee, and consequently the skin on it, can bend about 110° [ 10 ]; Conformability—skin covers body tissues in a conformal way, following its exact shape, which allows the perception of movement of internal structures, namely blood vessels, muscles, and tendons, at its surface; Sweat induction—especially when the surroundings are warmer than skin temperature, sweat is the only mechanism for the body to lose heat [ 1 ]. Furthermore, sweat is an important mirror of health condition, given its high content in several metabolites that are closely related to health disorders, physical activities, and food consumption [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transduction Mechanisms, Micro-Structuring Techniques, and Applications of Electronic Skin Pressure Sensors: A Review of Recent Advances

Santos

Fortunato

Martins

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Electronic skin (e-skin), which is an electronic surrogate of human skin, aims to recreate the multifunctionality of skin by using sensing units to detect multiple stimuli, while keeping key features of skin such as low thickness, stretchability, flexibility, and conformability. One of the most important stimuli to be detected is pressure due to its relevance in a plethora of applications, from health monitoring to functional prosthesis, robotics, and human-machine-interfaces (HMI). The performance of these e-skin pressure sensors is tailored, typically through micro-structuring techniques (such as photolithography, unconventional molds, incorporation of naturally micro-structured materials, laser engraving, amongst others) to achieve high sensitivities (commonly above 1 kPa−1), which is mostly relevant for health monitoring applications, or to extend the linearity of the behavior over a larger pressure range (from few Pa to 100 kPa), an important feature for functional prosthesis. Hence, this review intends to give a generalized view over the most relevant highlights in the development and micro-structuring of e-skin pressure sensors, while contributing to update the field with the most recent research. A special emphasis is devoted to the most employed pressure transduction mechanisms, namely capacitance, piezoelectricity, piezoresistivity, and triboelectricity, as well as to materials and novel techniques more recently explored to innovate the field and bring it a step closer to general adoption by society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flexibility—skin is highly flexible, especially in some anatomical places. For example, during squat position, the knee, and consequently the skin on it, can bend about 110° [ 10 ];…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%