Mode of delivery and childhood hospitalizations for asthma and other wheezing disorders

Lam

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

et al. 2016

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Age, Birthweight for Gestational Age, and Childhood Hospitalisations for Asthma and Other Wheezing Disorders

Lam

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

et al. 2016

“…Similarly, disruption of microbial diversity through antibiotic treatment of mice heightens disease severity in the asthma model [56] . In addition, some studies have shown that infants born via caesarean section are at increased risk of developing asthma or atopic disease later in life [57]; however, the findings may vary with the geographical setting [58,59] . Birth via caesarean section significantly influences the gut microbial community with elevated colonisation by Clostridium species, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus relative to infants born via vaginal delivery [60] .…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

Joyce

Gahan²

2017

Dig Dis

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a central role in the host metabolism of bile acids through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions, which generate unconjugated free bile acids and secondary bile acids respectively. These microbially generated bile acids are particularly potent signalling molecules that interact with host bile acid receptors (including the farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor and TGR5 receptor) to trigger cellular responses that play essential roles in host lipid metabolism, electrolyte transport and immune regulation. Perturbations of microbial populations in the gut can therefore profoundly alter bile acid profiles in the host to impact upon the digestive and signalling properties of bile acids in the human superorganism. A number of recent studies have clearly demonstrated the occurrence of microbial disturbances allied to alterations in host bile acid profiles that occur across a range of disease states. Intestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), short bowel syndrome and Clostridium difficile infection all exhibit concurrent alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and changes to host bile acid profiles. Similarly, extraintestinal diseases and syndromes such as asthma and obesity may be linked to aberrant bile acid profiles in the host. Here, we focus upon recent studies that highlight the links between alterations to gut microbial communities and altered bile acid profiles across a range of diseases from asthma to IBD.

Clin Experimental Allergy

“…In a study from Hong Kong, Leung et al. examined the association of mode of delivery with hospitalizations for asthma and other wheezing disorders in their offspring in a developed non‐Western setting. Public hospital admissions for asthma, bronchitis and bronchiolitis from 9 days to 12 years of age were monitored in a population‐representative prospective birth cohort of 8327 children.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the field of clinical allergy in 2015 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy

Roberts

Boyle

Bryce

et al. 2016

SummaryIn the second of two papers, we describe developments in the field of clinical allergy as documented by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2015. Epidemiology, clinical allergy, asthma and rhinitis are all covered.In this second of two reviews, we discuss the new findings in the field of allergy in 2015 focusing on clinical aspects. These highlight the contribution published in Clinical and Experimental Allergy. We focus on epidemiology, clinical allergy, asthma and rhinitis. Epidemiology GeneralThe research field of allergy-related diseases is complex since we often lack firm data on exposure, and outcome is not easy to estimate as diagnosis is often more subjective compared to other disease areas. Additionally we lack high-quality registries. Such registries are based on a doctor's willingness to enter patient data. Such registers give us a good description of entered patients although we do not know what data are excluded. However, the situation is improving with i-technology. In some EU countries, there are now inpatient, outpatient and national registers including registers for twins. However, a lot of information for epidemiological research in the field of allergy related diseases is still based on questionnaire data, where the quality of the collected information is not always known.