Mode of Antibacterial Activity of Eclalbasaponin Isolated from Eclipta alba

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mode of antibacterial activity of Eclalbasaponin isolated from Eclipta alba, against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The probable chemical structure was determined by using various spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by well diffusion technique, pH sensitivity, chemotaxis, and crystal violet assays. Eclalbasaponin showed clear zone of inhibition against both Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exhibited growth inhibition at the pH range of 5.5-9.0. The isolated saponin exhibited its positive chemoattractant property for both bacterial strains. Results of crystal violet assay and the presence of UV-sensitive materials in the cell-free supernatant confirmed the cellular damages caused by the treatment of Eclalbasaponin. The release of intracellular proteins due to the membrane damage was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Changes in the cell surface structure and membrane disruption were further revealed by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The present study suggests that the isolated saponin from E. alba causes the disruption of the bacterial cell membrane which leads to the loss of bacterial cell viability.

Plant Extracts Containing Saponins Affects the Stability and Biological Activity of Hempseed Oil Emulsion System

“…Signals from bands in the hydroxyl group (above 3000 cm −1 ) were only visible for the extract from Saponaria officinalis. Similar results for the spectra of extracts containing saponins were presented in the literature for the extract from the fruit of S. mukorossi [33] leaves of Eclipta alba [34] or seeds of Cassia angustifolia. It should be noted, however, that the signals observed in the spectrum of the saponins-containing extract may also be derived from bonds and groups of compounds that could be extracted simultaneously with saponins, such as flavonoids, phenol derivatives, saccharides, anthocyanins, steroid and triterpene compounds [35].…”

Alpha glucosidase inhibition activity of phenolic fraction from Simarouba glauca: An in-vitro, in-silico and kinetic study

“…Although these four compounds are reported by others, there is no available literature on the biological activities of these compounds. However, biological activity was analysed for the compounds eclalbasaponin, eclalbasaponin I and eclalbasaponin II which are closely related to the compound 1 ( Cho et al., 2016 ; Ray et al., 2013 ; Wang et al., 2018 ). Many anthocyanins, other than compound 2, showed antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activities in an earlier report ( Blando et al., 2018 ; Kong et al., 2003 ).…”

Ethnopharmacological Significance of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Asteraceae)

“…Wedelolactone, isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of aerial parts, showed enhanced antimicrobial activity and as such can be the responsible agent behind the observed antimicrobial effects [ 91 ]. Eclalbasaponin, another phytochemical constituent of the plant, has been shown to be responsible for the inhibitory activity of the plant against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa [ 92 ]. This inhibitory activity has been attributed to disruption of bacterial cell membrane leading to loss of bacterial cell viability.…”

“…Eclalbasaponin VI, isolated from E. alba , has been shown to demonstrate α -glucosidase activity [ 64 ]. Eclalbasaponin, isolated from E. alba , has been shown to demonstrate antibacterial activity [ 92 ].…”