Mode of action of the saline purgatives

Harvey, Richard F.; Read, A. E.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(75)90199-4

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Bisnor also inhibited the effect of magnesium sulphate which is presumed to act by its osmotic properties and by cholecystokinin production (Harvey & Read 1975). Therefore mechanisms other than inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis must also be considered as a number of factors contribute to the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiarrhoeal activity of bisnordihydrotoxiferine isolated from the root bark of Strychnos trinervis (Vell.) Mart. (Loganiaceae)

Melo

Thomas

Mukherjee

1988

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bisnordihydrotoxiferine, a dimeric tertiary indole alkaloid obtained from the root bark of Strychnos trinervis (Vell.) Mart. (Loganiaceae), inhibited normal defaecation and castor oil, arachidonic acid, and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea on intraperitoneal administration in mice. The effect may be related to the ability of the compound to decrease normal and castor oil-stimulated gastric emptying, small intestinal transit and water and electrolyte accumulation, and inhibition of normal colonic transit. As prostaglandins are involved in gastrointestinal functions, inhibition of their synthesis is likely to contribute to the anticathartic activity, which has never been reported before for an indole alkaloid.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiarrhoeal activity of bisnordihydrotoxiferine isolated from the root bark of Strychnos trinervis (Vell.) Mart. (Loganiaceae)

Melo

Thomas

Mukherjee

1988

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 0 The rapid elimination of unaltered iminothiazolidine after its injection into rats indicates that it can be considered ut40 as a detoxification product. 0 Cyanide also binds to hydroxycobalamin to form cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12).41-43 Because vitamin B 12 is of low toxicity, its fomation aLso can be viewed detoxification product. 4 4 ' 4 5 However, because the amount of hydroxycobalamnin nuirrmally in the body is wnall, the formation of cyanocobalamin aopears to be a route by which no more than 25 pg of cyanide would be detoxified 43…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…0 A better understanding of the relationship between these or other agents and arsenic may help explain some of the apparent inconsistencies in the epidemiology of arsenic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of military field-water quality: Volume 4, Health criteria and recommendations for standards: Part 1, Chemicals and properties of military concern associated with natural and anthropogenic sources

Daniels¹

1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The extra fluid from the gastrointestinal blood supply creates a 'bulk' or diarrhoeal state. This state activates peristalsis and propulsion (Curry 1982;Harvey & Read 1975;Hwang 1966;Stewart 1983). Harvey and Read (1973) postulated that saline cathartics may also have an indirect effect by stimulating the release of the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin.…”

Section: Pharmacology and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Emptying

1986

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review examines the various clinical options used to elicit gastric emptying, viz. drug-induced emesis, mechanical pharyngeal stimulation, gastric lavage, and catharsis. Apomorphine and syrup of ipecac are the 2 drugs most frequently used for induction of emesis. Both agents act centrally and, in addition, syrup of ipecac has a peripheral action. Toxins ingested or foods previously eaten may inhibit or enhance emetic action by interfering with mediating and conducting mechanisms. Studies indicate that both syrup of ipecac and apomorphine are similarly effective in inducing emesis; however, apomorphine has a shorter reaction time compared with syrup of ipecac. There are more risks involved with the use of apomorphine, since it causes central nervous system and respiratory depression. Syrup of ipecac has been shown to be relatively safe when used in its recommended dosage for emesis. However, several toxicities have been reported with the use of the fluid extract of ipecac. Emesis is contraindicated in patients who are obtunded or comatose, and in patients who have ingested stimulants, some hydrocarbons, or corrosives. Mechanical pharyngeal stimulation is a simple method of inducing emesis; however, it is often unsuccessful and rarely recovers a significant portion of the gastric contents. Gastric lavage is a procedure which has been relied upon for over a century. Its effectiveness is dependent on the nature, form, and dosage of the poison, latency between time of ingestion and lavage, and technique. In clinical experiments studying gastric lavage, it has been noted that the procedure is most beneficial 1 to 2 hours postingestion for the majority of poison ingestions. Lavage also provides an excellent route for activated charcoal and selected antidotes. Gastric lavage may pose several risks to the patient, including obstruction and contamination of the airways and oesophageal damage. Contraindications for gastric lavage are similar to those for emesis except that it may be safer to use in obtunded, comatose, or uncooperative patients. Cathartics used during initial poisoning therapy are usually the saline cathartics. They elicit an osmotic reaction in the small intestine which results in increased intraluminal fluid bulk, hyperperistalsis, and subsequent propulsion of contents. Cathartics have also been shown to stimulate the secretion of cholecystokinin, which is thought to have similar effects on the intestine. Cathartics have not been shown to significantly enhance drug elimination from the gastrointestinal tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

show abstract

Mode of action of the saline purgatives

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Antidiarrhoeal activity of bisnordihydrotoxiferine isolated from the root bark of Strychnos trinervis (Vell.) Mart. (Loganiaceae)

Antidiarrhoeal activity of bisnordihydrotoxiferine isolated from the root bark of Strychnos trinervis (Vell.) Mart. (Loganiaceae)

Evaluation of military field-water quality: Volume 4, Health criteria and recommendations for standards: Part 1, Chemicals and properties of military concern associated with natural and anthropogenic sources

Gastric Emptying

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About