Mode for reducing wind curtailment based on battery transportation

Abstract

Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, face several obstacles, including curtailment, where the generated energy exceeds local demand and production must be reduced because of limited transmission capacity. Simultaneously, consumer demand for large-capacity batteries is expanding given the recent rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs. A batterycharging mode, in which discharged batteries are transported from battery exchange stations in high-load areas to wind farms, is proposed to alleviate curtailment. In this study, batteries store otherwise curtailed energy and smooth the wind power output simultaneously. The structure of the battery-charging device is discussed, and the concept of a battery-charging container is proposed. The control principle of the battery-charging management unit is presented with a simulation model constructed in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment. A case study is simulated, and the feasibility of the mode is analyzed considering the levelized cost and energy losses. Simulation results show that this mode is a feasible solution to alleviating wind curtailment and providing fresh impetus for developing EV battery exchanges.

Multi-objective Day-ahead Polarity Switching Optimization for Voltage Unbalance in Bipolar DC Distribution Networks

“…For renewable generations such as wind generations, curtailment will waste resources [14]. To increase the utilization rate of renewable generations, it is possible to suppress the voltage unbalance by switching the polarity of renewable generations while maintaining the maximum output.…”

“…Thus far, the optimal solution is obtained only in terms of the WSVUF, and the optimality of the SNSA in this solution is not considered. As previously discussed, the WSVUF will not change if any X i is inverted; thus, the optimal SNSA can be obtained as long as optimizing whether the vector derived from solving (13) and (14) in every time interval is inverted. A binary vector Y with dimension T is proposed to control whether X i pre in each time interval is inverted.…”

“…According to the solution of the optimization model in ( 13), (14) (in every time interval) and that in (15), (16), the first estimated plan can be obtained.…”

Availability estimation of wind power forecasting and optimization of day-ahead unit commitment

“…Then, the investigation of theory or method about the relationship between this information and wind power capacity is determined. And on this basis, the probability distribution of errors is forecasted [14,15]. At present, the general method within and outside China is based on the criteria of climate, namely, the improvement of forecasting accuracy of wind power output.…”

“…According to durations of the load peaks of the power grid, the scenario mode is d =(1,2,5,10,15,18,20, 25, 30, 60), in terms of minutes. Based on the historical forecasting data, the probability vector with the wind power forecasting error e i = 10% in each scenario is p 0 = (0.80, 0.82, 0.85, 0.81, 0.93, 0.85, 0.91, 0.93, 0.91, 0.93) T .…”