Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays

Siriani, Dominic F.; Tan, Ming Jen; Kasten, A.; Harren, Ann C. Lehman; Leisher, Paul O.; Sulkin, Joshua D.; Raftery, James J.; Danner, Aaron J.; Giannopoulos, Antonios; Choquette, Kent D.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2008.2012121

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1a, has PC holes contained within the top (or bottom) DBR. This type of PC-VCSEL is similar to that fabricated and experimentally investigated so far Sargent 2001;Song et al 2002;Rorison 2003; Leisher et al 2007;Ivanov et al 2008;Siriani et al 2009). The depth of PC holes considered is 2.2 µm.…”

Section: Investigated Vcselssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…This leads to weak transverse mode control provided by the PC in the PC-VCSEL with the optical modes being mainly controlled by the oxide aperture as in conventional oxide-confined VCSELs with the holes of the PC providing mode-selective optical losses. Type (I) PC-VCSELs have been considered experimentally Sargent 2001;Song et al 2002;Rorison 2003;Leisher et al 2007;Ivanov et al 2008;Siriani et al 2009). …”

Section: Investigated Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other models treat the effect of the PC within a cylinder or fibre but do not consider the effect of optical loss in the etched DBRs (Song et al 2002;Ivanov et al 2009a,b). Recently the importance of the location of the holes (through the entire structure, cavity or DBRs) and the resulting losses incurred by various modes has started to be understood (Siriani et al 2009;Ivanov et al 2009a,b). The understanding of such structures and the interplay between losses and PC effects is an area of on-going study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Ivanov

Rorison

2010

Opt Quant Electron

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A dynamical model of oxide-confined Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) with two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) incorporated within them so called PC-VCSELs is presented and used to optimise designs for high-power single-mode operation. Three PC-VCSEL designs are considered: (I) with holes in the top DBRs, (II) with PC holes situated between their DBRs and (III) with PC holes etched through the entire VCSEL. A simulated design for a PC-VCSEL of type (I) with holes of d = 2 µm diameter, a = 4 µm lattice constant (d/a = 0.5) and 2.2 µm depth was found to improve the single mode behaviour but not enough to establish single mode behaviour for large apertures. The modulation behaviour was not degraded by the PC. Simulations of type (II) and (III) PC-VCSELs, with the same parameters, have shown multimode operation and degraded modulation properties. Simulations of PC-VCSELs of type (III) with holes of d = 0.2 µm diameter and a = 0.4 µm lattice constant (d/a = 0.5) have shown improved modulation properties and enhanced single mode power for small apertures. In simulation, PC-VCSELs incorporating multiple PC-defects have shown order of magnitude increases in the single mode output power. However, the modulation properties of these VCSELs show degradation due to gain saturation and hopping of the optical modes localized within the PC defects.

show abstract

Section: Investigated Vcselssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Investigated Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Ivanov

Rorison

2010

Opt Quant Electron

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, it is necessary to additional structuring of VCSELs for their single mode operation with broader current apertures. It can be assured by anti-resonant profile of the refractive index in the distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) [7], surface etching [8], surface grating [9] and photonic crystals (PhC) [10]. Since PhC has already verified its ability to select very narrow spectrum of allowed frequencies and discriminate all higher modes [11], it is extremely attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold Characteristics Enhancement of a Single Mode 1.55 µm InGaAsP Photonic Crystal VCSEL for Optical Communication Systems

Majdabadi¹,

Marjani²,

Sabaghi³

2014

OPJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present work, we investigate threshold characteristics of a single mode 1.55 µm InGaAsP vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with two different optical confinement structures. The device employs InGaAsP active region, which is sandwiched between GaAs/AlGaAs and GaAs/AlAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The optical confinement introduced by the oxide aperture or a single defect photonic crystal design with holes etched throughout the whole structure, is compared with previous work. Photonic crystal VCSEL shows 30.86% and 57.02% lower threshold current than that of the similar oxide confined VCSEL and previous results, respectively. This paper provides key results of the threshold characteristics, including the threshold current and the threshold power. Results suggest that, the 1.55 μm InGaAsP photonic crystal VCSEL seems to be the most optimal one for light sources in high performance optical communication systems.

show abstract

“…For this reason, in-phase operation is achieved only with special photonic crystal patterns and limited consistency [12]. In this Letter, we report on VCSEL arrays that incorporate a photonic crystal to provide stable index confinement [13] combined with proton implantation to pixellate the gain region and define the array elements. Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-phase, coherent photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays with low divergence

Siriani

Choquette

2010

Electron. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Threshold Characteristics Enhancement of a Single Mode 1.55 µm InGaAsP Photonic Crystal VCSEL for Optical Communication Systems

In-phase, coherent photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays with low divergence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Mode Control in Photonic Crystal Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and Coherent Arrays

Cited by 50 publications

References 41 publications

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Theoretical investigation of static and dynamic characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with incorporated two-dimensional photonic crystals

Threshold Characteristics Enhancement of a Single Mode 1.55 &#181;m InGaAsP Photonic Crystal VCSEL for Optical Communication Systems

In-phase, coherent photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays with low divergence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Threshold Characteristics Enhancement of a Single Mode 1.55 µm InGaAsP Photonic Crystal VCSEL for Optical Communication Systems