Modality-specific interference with verbal and nonverbal stimulus information

Allen, T. W.; Marcell, Michael M.; Anderson, Philip C.

doi:10.3758/bf03197444

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In general, results imply that dual representational systems exist and that incoming information is attached to the system that is best suited for processing it. Numerous investigations have demonstrated interference effects in visual (Allen, Marcell, & Anderson, 1978;Brooks, 1968;Segal & Fusella, 1970;Warren, 1977) and verbal (Salthouse, 1975) modalities. Two studies (Allen et al, 1978;Den Heyer & Barrett, 1971) revealed that different properties of a unitary stimulus may receive visual or verbal encoding, suggesting that the "non-verbal and verbal symbolic systems represent and process information derived from any of the sensory modalities individually, and possibly, in parallel" (Paivio, 1978, p. 207).…”

Section: Functional and Structural Properties Of Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical uses of mental imagery: Experimental foundations, theoretical misconceptions, and research issues.

Strosahl

Ascough²

1981

Psychological Bulletin

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The growing use of mental imagery in clinical settings has been hampered by major theoretical deficits, notably the virtual absence of interdisciplinary models not constrained by a specific therapeutic orientation. Information-processing data pertaining to the functional and structural properties of imagery are reviewed to illustrate that images may be but incomplete pictures that also convey nonpictorial, abstract information. It is proposed that the imagery and verbal/symbolic processing systems are functionally discrete but comparably influential in image generation, elaboration, and appraisal, a property suggesting that clinical images comprise multiple representational events of a visual, verbal, and affective nature. The popular notion of the image as a mental photograph is reviewed in the context of present knowledge and is argued to have only limited applicability. Methodological concerns associated with the study of clinical imagery are examined, pertinent literature is reviewed for each issue, and data are presented to demonstrate the significance of the problems confronting contemporary imagery researchers.

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Section: Functional and Structural Properties Of Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical uses of mental imagery: Experimental foundations, theoretical misconceptions, and research issues.

Strosahl

Ascough²

1981

Psychological Bulletin

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“…For nonverbal material, much less is known about the ways in which information is maintained over short periods of time, although there is evidence that visual and visuospatial information is not maintained by verbal recoding (Allen, Marcell, & Anderson, 1978). Baddeley (1986) has suggested that visuospatial and verbal material may be held in two separate, passive, perceptual stores with rapid decay in each store prevented by an active control process based on a response system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interference in immediate spatial memory

1994

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It has been suggested that maintenance in visuospatial immediate memory involves implicit motor processes that are analogous to the articulatory loop in verbal memory. An alternative account, which is explored here, is that maintenance is based on shifts of spatial attention. In four experiments, subjects recalled spatial memory span items after an interval, and in a fifth experiment, digit span was recalled after an interval. The tasks carried out during the interval included touching visual targets, repeating heard words, listening to tones from spatially separated locations, pointing to these tones, pointing to visual targets, and categorizing spatial targets as being from the left or right. Spatial span recall was impaired if subjects saw visual targets or heard tones, and this impairment was increased if either a motor response or a categorical response was made. Repeating words heard in different spatial locations did not impair recall, but reading visually presented words did interfere. For digit span only, the tasks involving a verbal response impaired recall. The results are interpreted within a framework in which active spatial attention is involved in maintaining spatial items in order in memory, and is interfered with by any task (visual, auditory, perceptual, motor) that also makes demands on spatial attention.

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“…Experimentally, such intermodal interactions have been documented most extensively for representations of information about the layout of points or orientation of features in space. There is evidence that common spatial images may be accessed through vision and touch (Attneave & Benson, 1969; Carpenter & Eisenberg, 1978; Kerr, 1983), potentially causing mutual interference (Allen, Marcell, & Anderson, 1978; Baddeley & Lieberman, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagined haptic exploration in judgments of object properties.

Klatzky¹,

Lederman²,

Matula³

1991

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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In Experiment 1, each subject rated a single, named object for its roughness, hardness, temperature, weight, size, or shape. In Experiment 2, each subject compared one pair of objects along the same dimensions. In both studies, a substantial proportion of subjects who judged the first four dimensions imagined a hand making exploratory movements appropriate for the designated information. The proportion of hand-exploration images decreased substantially when judging size or shape, or when judgments could be made readily through general semantic knowledge. The results suggest that the incorporation of haptic exploration into visual imagery provides access to information about haptically accessible object properties.

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Modality-specific interference with verbal and nonverbal stimulus information

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Clinical uses of mental imagery: Experimental foundations, theoretical misconceptions, and research issues.

Clinical uses of mental imagery: Experimental foundations, theoretical misconceptions, and research issues.

Interference in immediate spatial memory

Imagined haptic exploration in judgments of object properties.

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