Modal Sosial Bentukan Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik di Bangka Belitung

Abstract

Three potential conflicts that need to be anticipated in the reality of the life of the Bangka Belitung community in the future. The results of qualitative research through conflict mapping in seven districts / cities showed the potential for economic conflict in fighting for tin resources, agrarian conflicts with development dimensions related to land expansion for large-scale oil palm plantations, and inter-village and interethnic youth conflicts became the dominant issue. The mechanism of the savety valve as a damper of potential recurring conflicts must be institutionalized through functional and sustainable formalized social capital.

Why have Anti-Offshore Tin Mining Movements Failed in Bangka but Succeeded in East Belitung? Political Opportunity Structures and Political Settlement in the Context of Indonesia's Democratic Future

“…Those who resisted were predominantly fishermen, whose livelihoods were detrimentally affected by water pollution. Those who accepted offshore mining, meanwhile, were mainly fishermen who had become offshore miners (Erman, 2010). Tarrow (1996) identifies three main approaches for analysing political opportunity structures: the policy approach, the movement approach, and the state approach.…”

“…The situation in Bangka, conversely, was different. Elite fragmentation was driven not by pro-and anti-mining discourses, but by questions of access (Erman, 2010). Such fragmentation was most tangible in the years following the fall of the New Order regime, when frictions emerged between parties/coalitions and levels of government (i.e.…”

“…These elites allied themselves with entrepreneurs and local residents, thereby creating fragmentation within communities themselves. Lines were drawn between miners with different political affiliations, as well as between miners and non-miners (Erman, 2010), without distinguishing between onshore and offshore mining. As no elites were against offshore mining, the anti-offshore mining movement had fewer opportunities to make themselves heard.…”

“…Several mechanisms were used: providing legal protection, providing mining area, and purchasing tin (both legal and illegal) from miners. Patrons also provided social assistance to local residents who lived in poverty (Erman, 2007;Erman, 2010).…”

“…Finally, and practically, this article employs a comparative methodespecially in its analysis of political settlement. Studies of tin mining in Bangka and Belitung are commonplace, as are studies of related conflicts (Harahap, 2012;Erman, 2010;Zulkarnain, 2005;Indra, 2014;Zulkarnain, 2018;Ibrahim et al, 2018;Nugraha, 2020). However, no such studies have employed a comparative approach, even though such an approach offers a beneficial means of identifying the particular social, political, cultural, and economic characteristics of areas with similar natural resources, distinguishing between these areas, ascertaining when and how differences emerged, and understanding how these differences influence local communities' specific responses to resource extraction.…”