Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells: General Principles and Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization can be achieved by a variety of bone marrow niche modifications, although efficient mobilization requires simultaneous expansion of the stem/progenitor cell pool and niche modification. Many of the mechanisms involved in G-CSF-induced mobilization have been described. With regard to mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, challenges for the future include the analysis of genetic factors responsible for the great variability in mobilization responses, and the identification of predictors of mobilization efficiency, as well as the development of mobilizing schemes for poor mobilizers. Moreover, improved regimens for enhanced or even preferential mobilization of nonhematopoietic stem/progenitor cell types, and their therapeutic potential for endogenous tissue repair will be questions to be vigorously pursued in the near future.

In vivo transduction of primitive mobilized hematopoietic stem cells after intravenous injection of integrating adenovirus vectors

“…Mobilization, an enforced egress of HSPCs from the BM, can be achieved by a variety of approaches. 2 A combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the CXCR4 antagonists AMD3100 (Mozobil, Plerixa) has been shown to efficiently mobilize primitive progenitor cells in animal models and in humans. 3 A problem for in vivo HSPC transduction is the low number of HSPCs in the BM.…”

Identification and Characterization of Circulating Variants of CXCL12 from Human Plasma: Effects on Chemotaxis and Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

“…In stem cell mobilization, granulocytes are activated by G-CSF application, chemotherapy, or irradiation, which convert the BM in a highly proteolytic environment [3,27,28]. The association of neutrophils and increasing elastase concentrations during mobilization of HPC, and the failure of HPC mobilization during neutropenia, suggest that neutrophils and neutrophil proteases are required for HPC mobilization [29,30].…”

Heterogeneity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells May Prevent Endodermal Guided Differentiation

“…These cells were derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of grade III poor quality blastocysts that were not suitable for in vitro fertility treatment. Both the lines as claimed by JNCASR are pluripotent and have been extensively characterized and cultured continuously for over 250 passages [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…Once the cells became confluent these cells were passaged (about once a week) and subsequently cultured in high binding tissue culture plates in conditioned media prepared from MEF [incubation for 24 hours with mitotically inactivated MEFs] [31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…The cellular response to heat shock includes the transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of the cell's internal repair mechanism [30]. They are also called stress-proteins [31] and respond to heat, cold and oxygen deprivation by activating several cascade pathways [32][33][34][35]. Mixed phenotype in SAGM with transient hears shock (BJnhem20).…”