Mobility of Polychlorinated Aromatic Compounds in Soils Contaminated With Wood-preserving Oil

Jackson, D. R.; Bisson, Debra L.

doi:10.1080/10473289.1990.10466758

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…At pH >7, for example, PCP is 99% disassociated, moving easily through soils ( , ). PCP is a common groundwater contaminant () and a number of studies have observed that PCP, used extensively during the 1940s to 1990s as fungicides and/or herbicides, can be highly leachable in soils and sediments ( , ). Estimation of the diffusion coefficient of PCP in water ( D BW = 7.29 × 10 -6 cm 2 /s) using the Wilke-Chang equation () supports that disassociated PCP may have diffused to the deepest core sections of the sediment cores in Queensland, although the diffusion coefficient in water will overestimate the extent of the diffusion in sediment pore water environ ments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation Processes, Pathways, and Possible Sources of Distinctive Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin Signatures in Sink Environments

Gaus

Brunskill

Connell

et al. 2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In recent years, studies on environmental samples with unusual dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) congener profiles were reported from a range of countries. These profiles, characterized by a dominance of octachlorinated dibenzodioxin (OCDD) and relatively low in dibenzofuran (PCDF) concentrations, could not be attributed to known sources or formation processes. In the present study, the processes that result in these unusual profiles were assessed using the concentrations and isomer signatures of PCDDs from dated estuarine sediment cores in Queensland, Australia. Increases in relative concentrations of lower chlorinated PCDDs and a relative decrease of OCDD were correlated with time of sediment deposition. Preferred lateral, anaerobic dechlorination of OCDD represents a likely pathway for these changes. In Queensland sediments, these transformations result in a distinct dominance of isomers fully chlorinated in the 1,4,6,9-positions (1,4-patterns), and similar 1,4-patterns were observed in sediments from elsewhere. Consequently, these environmental samples may not reflect the signatures of the original source, and a reevaluation of source inputs was undertaken. Natural formation of PCDDs, which has previously been suggested, is discussed; however, based on the present results and literature comparisons, we propose an alternative scenario. This scenario hypothesizes that an anthropogenic PCDD precursor input (e.g. pentachlorophenol) results in the contamination. These results and hypothesis imply further investigations are warranted into possible anthropogenic sources in areas where natural PCDD formation has been suggested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation Processes, Pathways, and Possible Sources of Distinctive Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin Signatures in Sink Environments

Gaus

Brunskill

Connell

et al. 2002

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…High octanol−water and sediment−water partition coef ficients of PCDD/Fs suggest that these compounds would be strongly attracted by both soil particles and olive oil ( , ). In systems containing soil, mineral oil, and water, PCDD/Fs have become partitioned in a free oil phase, but no complete transfer into oil has resulted ( , ). In our experiments, the soil was dried.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Olive Oil for Soil Extraction and Ultraviolet Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans

Isosaari¹,

Tuhkanen²,

Vartiainen³

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper represents a successful laboratory-scale photolysis of soil-bound tetra- to octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in olive oil. The irradiation source consisted of two blacklight lamps emitting light at a near-ultraviolet range. Samples used in the experiments included pure 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran, PCDD/F extract made of a wood preservative (chlorophenol product Ky 5), and soil that was highly contaminated with PCDD/Fs. Degradation of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzofuran dissolved in olive oil proceeded rapidlywith a first-order reaction half-life of 13 min. Irradiation of a soil sample resulted in an 84% reduction in PCDD/F toxicity equivalent (I-TEQ) in 17.5 h. A more complete degradation of soil-bound PCDD/Fs was achieved after extraction of the soil with olive oil. The oil was effective in solubilizing PCDD/Fs. After one extraction at room temperature, only 9% of I-TEQ remained in soil. Irradiation of the resulting extract reduced toxicity of the extract by 99%, and even the highly chlorinated congeners octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and octachlorodibenzofuran degraded easily (97 and 99% degradation, respectively). Photodegradation byproducts found included diphenyl ether and small amounts of dechlorination products, which were mainly nontoxic PCDD/Fs. Degradation was probably mediated by light absorption of unsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds in olive oil, leading to sensitized photolysis of PCDD/Fs.

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“…Several investigators have worked to enhance the understanding of physicochemical interactions of hazardous pollutants at the aquatic interface of soil/ clay/sediment/aquifer, because it is long recognized that this understanding is focal to the success of soil-washing technology. For example, specific studies have been carried out for washing soils/sediments contaminated with organics 2,4,15 and inorganics 1,8,9,13,16 and also modeling the sorption and desorption phenomenon. 17 Many isolated research efforts on development and application of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for predicting the sorption and desorption equilibrium at the activated carbon/water interface or activated carbon/air interface [18][19][20][21][22] have been reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Washing of Marine Coastal Sand in a Batch Reactor: Sorption and Desorption of BTEX

Rao

Swaminathan

Asolekar

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study addresses the issues related to decontamination of marine beach sand accidentally contaminated by petroleum products. Sorption and desorption of BTEX (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) onto the sand from Uran Beach, located near the city of Mumbai, India, were studied, and isotherms were determined using the bottle point method to estimate sorption coefficients. Alternatively, QSARs (i.e., quantitative structure activity relationships) were developed and used to estimate the sorption coefficients. Experiments for kinetics of volatilization as well as for kinetics of sorption and desorption in the presence of volatilization were conducted in a fabricated laboratory batch reactor. A mathematical model describing the fate of volatile hydrophobic organic pollutants like BTEX (via sorption and desorption in presence of volatilization) in a batch sediment-washing reactor was proposed. The experimental kinetic data were compared with the values predicted using the proposed models for sorption and desorption, and the optimum values of overall mass transfer coefficients for sorption (K s a s ) and desorption (K d a d ) were estimated. This was achieved by minimization of errors while using the sorption coefficients (K p ) obtained from either laboratory isotherm studies or the QSARs developed in the present study. Independent experimental data were also collected and used for calibration of the model for volatilization, and the values of the overall mass transfer coefficient for volatilization (K g a g ) were estimated for BTEX. In these exercises of minimization of errors, comparable cumulative errors were obtained from the use of K p values derived from experimental isotherms and QSARs.

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Mobility of Polychlorinated Aromatic Compounds in Soils Contaminated With Wood-preserving Oil

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Transformation Processes, Pathways, and Possible Sources of Distinctive Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin Signatures in Sink Environments

Transformation Processes, Pathways, and Possible Sources of Distinctive Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin Signatures in Sink Environments

Use of Olive Oil for Soil Extraction and Ultraviolet Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans

Washing of Marine Coastal Sand in a Batch Reactor: Sorption and Desorption of BTEX

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