Mobile Telephony EMFs Effects on Insect Ovarian Cells. The Necessity for Real Exposures Bioactivity Assessment. The Key Role of Polarization, and the “Ion Forced-Oscillation Mechanism”

Chromosome damage in human cells induced by UMTS mobile telephony radiation

“…Thus, the RF frequency of the carrier signal varies continuously during a conversation. Moreover, the intensity of the EMFemission varies significantly and unpredictably during an active call both in the RF and ELF bands (Panagopoulos et al 2007(Panagopoulos et al , 2010(Panagopoulos et al , 2015aPanagopoulos 2011Panagopoulos , 2017Panagopoulos , 2019. UMTS (3G) signals use RF carrier frequencies between 1900 and 2200 MHz, and ELF pulsing mainly at 100 Hz and 1500 Hz (Holma and Toskala 2004;Curwen and Whalley 2008;Health Protection Agency 2012).…”

“…Since the 15°C temperature difference between culturing and treatment had no significant effect on the blood lymphocytes of the control samples we can certainly accept that the 0.1°C temperature increase during the 15 min exposures is totally insignificant to have any effect on the quality of the samples. In my previous experiments with the GSM MT EMFs no temperature increases were detected during exposures up to 21 min (Panagopoulos 2011(Panagopoulos , 2017. The 0.1°C temperature increase detected in the present experiments with UMTS MT EMFs is probably due to the higher carrier frequency of UMTS (~ 1920(~ -1960 than that of GSM (~ 900 or ~ 1800 MHz), since the amount of microwave power absorbed by exposed materials and converted to heat is proportional to the (carrier) microwave frequency (Clark et al 2000).…”

“…Modern microwave radiation applied in telecommunications and other applications always combines RF carrier waves with ELF pulsing and modulation in order to increase the amount and speed of transmitted information (speech, text, images, video, Internet, etc. ) (Panagopoulos 2011(Panagopoulos , 2017(Panagopoulos , 2019.…”

“…Unfortunately, all the above in vitro studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, employed simulated MT EMFs emitted by generators which are very different than the real MT EMFs emitted by commercially available mobile phones and base antennas (Panagopoulos 2017(Panagopoulos , 2019, and thus the relevance of these studies in real-life is very poor. Two recent studies examined peripheral blood lymphocytes from people residing in the vicinity of MT base stations and thus exposed to real-life MT EMFs/radiation emitted by the base antennas.…”

Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri: bacteria respond quickly and sensitively to pulsed microwave electric (but not magnetic) fields

“…24,[37][38][39] or peroxynitrite accumulates as a consequence of elevated intracellular Ca 2þ , leading to beneficial or pathophysiological effects. 39,40 A voltage-gated Ca 2þ channel has not been described in V. fischeri, but a structurally similar voltage-gated Na þ channel has been described in Bacillus halodurans, 41 however, its function remains largely unexplored. Species of marine Vibrio possess channels (e.g., PomAB and MotXY) that are predicted to function as Na þ channels, 42 which play an important part in driving the flagellar motor.…”