Mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene-positive Escherichia coli from chickens in Nigeria is potentially pathogenic and transfers colistin resistance to other organisms

Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna; Anyogu, Davinson Chuka; Chah, Kennedy F.; Shoyinka, Vincent Shodeinde

doi:10.1007/s00580-022-03336-2

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Colistin, carbapenems and tigecycline are considered last-resort antibiotics for defense against MDR bacterial infections ( Tang et al, 2021 ). However, these antibiotics become less effective because their respective predominant resistance genes, mcr , bla NDM and tet(X) , emerge and spread in animals, food and humans ( Singh et al, 2018 ; Zhong et al, 2019 ; Anyanwu et al, 2022 ; Lu et al, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Among these last-resort antibiotics, colistin was heavily used in food-producing animal industries in China for a long period of time until it was banned as a growth promoter in 2017 ( Walsh and Wu, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the currently available antibiotics, carbapenems, colistin as well as tigecycline are last-resort antibiotics for managing MDR bacterial infections, especially those caused by Enterobacteriaceae ( Tang et al, 2021 ). Unfortunately, the worrying emergence of the predominantly plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 , carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-1 as well as tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens from different sources, such as animals, food and humans, has increasingly been reported in different continents ( Singh et al, 2018 ; Zhong et al, 2019 ; Anyanwu et al, 2022 ; Lu et al, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022 ). Additionally, tet(X) genes have regularly been reported to coexist with bla NDM-1 and/or mcr-1 genes ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Sun C. et al, 2019 ), and such plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are capable of transferring between epidemic strains of Enterobacteriaceae ( Leshaba et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid detection of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick

Wang

Pan³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The worrying emergence of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in food animals and human populations throughout the food chain and relevant environments has been increasingly reported worldwide. Enterobacteriaceae pathogens are considered the most common reservoirs of such antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Thus, a rapid, efficient and accurate detection method to simultaneously screen and monitor such ARGs in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens has become an urgent need. Our study developed a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) for simultaneously detecting predominant resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics of Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, including mcr-1, blaNDM-1 and tet(X4). It is allowed to complete the entire process, including crude DNA extraction, amplification as well as reading, within 40 min at 37°C, and the detection limit is 101 copies/μl for mcr-1, blaNDM-1 and tet(X4). Sensitivity analysis showed obvious association of color signals with the template concentrations of mcr-1, blaNDM-1 and tet(X4) genes in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens using a test strip reader (R2 = 0.9881, R2 = 0.9745, and R2 = 0.9807, respectively), allowing for quantitative detection using multiplex RPA-LFD assays. Therefore, the RPA-LFD assay can suitably help to detect multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in foodborne pathogens and has potential applications in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick

Wang

Pan³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Before 2015, the bacterial COL resistance mechanism was only understood to be chromosomally mediated and mutationally acquired, conferred by two-component systems such as pmrAB, phoPQ, crrAB, and mgrB, amongst others [21,22] (Figure 1). These chromosomal mechanisms are vertically transmitted, resulting in clonal dissemination, and thus, by their very nature, are self-limiting [23,24]. The emergence and spread of plasmid-mediated transmissible COL resistance genes, specifically mobile COL resistance (mcr) genes mcr-1 to mcr-10, first reported in late 2015, threaten the clinical efficacy of COL in veterinary and human medical practices [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies

et al. 2023

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Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.

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“…Chromosome-borne and non-conjugative plasmid-encoded resistance genes are mutationally acquired and vertically transferred to bacterial progenies within a clone, and thus by their very nature are self-limiting. However, conjugative plasmid-encoded resistance genes rapidly spread horizontally/laterally among bacterial populations without clonal restriction, leading to the rapid loss of the therapeutic/clinical efficacy of antimicrobial agents [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Plasmids are self-replicating extrachromosomal genetic materials in bacteria that drive acquired resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been extensive discourse on the methods used in the detection of these genes and their specific characteristics [ 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Although the transmission of chromosome-borne and non-conjugative plasmid-encoded mcr genes is clonally restricted [ 7 , 11 ], conjugative plasmid-borne mcr genes are rapidly transferred to other organisms (i.e., inter/intraspecies and genera transmission) as these plasmids are highly promiscuous, thus jeopardizing antimicrobial/COL therapy [ 7 , 11 , 25 ]. Therefore, there is a need to understand the magnitude, genetic context, and epidemiological relationships of mcr -gene-bearing organisms that have been isolated from different ecological niches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Bearing Organisms from Horses

et al. 2022

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Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) threaten the efficacy of colistin (COL), a polymyxin antibiotic that is used as a last-line agent for the treatment of deadly infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. COL has been used for more than 60 years for the prophylactic control and treatment of infections in livestock husbandry but not in horses. Polymyxin B is used for the prophylactic control and empirical treatment of infections in horses without conducting sensitivity tests. The lack of sensitivity testing exerts selection pressure for the acquisition of the mcr gene. By horizontal transfer, mcr-1, mcr-5, and mcr-9 have disseminated among horse populations globally and are harbored by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Salmonella species. Conjugative plasmids, insertion sequences, and transposons are the backbone of mcr genes in the isolates, which co-express genes conferring multi- to extensive-drug resistance, including genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase, ampicillinase C, fosfomycin, and fluoroquinolone resistance, and virulence genes. The transmission of mcr genes to/among bacterial strains of equine origin is non-clonal. Contact with horses, horse manure, feed/drinking water, farmers, farmers’ clothing/farm equipment, the consumption of contaminated horse meat and its associated products, and the trading of horses, horse meat, and their associated products are routes for the transmission of mcr-gene-bearing bacteria in, to, and from the equine industry.

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Mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene-positive Escherichia coli from chickens in Nigeria is potentially pathogenic and transfers colistin resistance to other organisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Rapid detection of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick

Rapid detection of multiple resistance genes to last-resort antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae pathogens by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies

Epidemiology and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Bearing Organisms from Horses

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