MnO@N–C/flake graphite composite featuring bottom-top charge transfer channels and superior Li-storage performance at low-temperature

LiF‐Induced Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for a Wide Temperature SnO2‐Based Anode Extensible to −50 °C

“…It can be seen that the SLG electrodes deliver a stable reversible capacity of 824, 614, and 394 mA h g −1 at −10, −20, and −30 °C, respectively, which are much higher than graphite, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and other metal oxide anodes operating at similar sub-zero temperatures. [13,36,37] appearance of Sn diffraction are consistent with the reactions of the SnO 2 -LiF electrode at 30 °C (Figure S10, Supporting Information) and the pure SnO 2 electrode in our previous work. [15] However, it was noted that the diffraction intensity of the β-Sn phase in the lithiated SLG electrodes at both 30 and 45 °C is much lower than those of the pure SnO 2 electrode at 30 °C, [15] indicating that the Sn grains formed in the SLG electrodes are much smaller than those in pure SnO 2 .…”

“…It can be seen that the SLG electrodes deliver a stable reversible capacity of 824, 614, and 394 mA h g −1 at −10, −20, and −30 °C, respectively, which are much higher than graphite, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and other metal oxide anodes operating at similar sub‐zero temperatures. [ 13,36,37 ] Figure 4b and Figure S8, Supporting Information, show the rate discharging capability of the SLG electrode with current rates from 50 to 1000 mA g −1 at −10 and −20 °C, in which a clearly discharging plateau can be found at different rate currents. And the SLG electrode delivers a high capacity of 786.1 and 659.4 mA h g −1 under current density of 100 mA g −1 at −10 and −20 °C, respectively.…”

“…Recently, extensive efforts have been committed to promote the low‐temperature Li storage capability of the anode materials, including alloying‐type Sn–Cu and Sn–C, [ 9 ] conversion‐type metal oxides, such as V 2 O 5 , [ 10 ] Co 3 O 4 , [ 11 ] CoFe 2 O 4 , [ 12 ] MnO, [ 13 ] and metal sulfide MnS. [ 14 ] It has been shown that all these anode materials can discharge the LIBs successfully from subzero temperature to −25 °C, however, they cannot maintain cycle stability at high temperatures.…”

“…[8] For the latter, the awkward cycling ability of the anode at elevated temperature is mainly due to the increased instability of the electrolyte, in which the in situ-formed SEI is unable to avoid the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte at a high potential, resulting in unstable electrode cycling and abnormal consumption of electrolyte. Therefore, to achieve a superior operation at a wide temperature, the electrode material in LIBs needs to have decent Li + conductivity at sub-zero temperature and have stable SEI with fast Li + transport at elevated temperature.Recently, extensive efforts have been committed to promote the low-temperature Li storage capability of the anode materials, including alloying-type Sn-Cu and Sn-C, [9] conversion-type metal oxides, such as V 2 O 5 , [10] Co 3 O 4 , [11] CoFe 2 O 4 , [12] MnO, [13] and metal sulfide MnS. [14] It has been shown that all these anode materials can discharge the LIBs successfully from subzero temperature to −25 °C, however, they cannot maintain cycle stability at high temperatures.…”

Single-Shell Multiple-Core MnO@C Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for Low-Temperature Lithium Storage

“…The peak intensity ratio ( I D / I G ) in the D and G bands commonly supplies a valuable metric for comparing the crystallinity of varied carbon materials . The ratio of I D / I G is calculated to be 0.85, indicating that the as-prepared material has a strong extent of graphitization, which is favorable to increase electron conductivity of MnO@C@HCS nanomaterials. , …”