Mn–Ni–Co–Cu–Zn–O NTC thermistors with high thermal stability for low resistance applications

An efficient way to improve the electrical stability of Ni0.6Si0.2Al0.6Mn1.6O4 NTC thermistor

“…6. All thermistors showed a linear relationship for the ln r with 1/ T in the measured temperature range (room temperature $300 8C), indicating the good agreement of NTC thermistor characteristics as described by the Nernst-Einstein relation [22]. The conductivity mechanism of nickel manganite spinel materials was explained by many researchers [7,12,13,23], and they considered that the conductivity depended on the change in concentration and ordering of hopping charge carriers namely Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ at octahedral site.…”

Electrical Properties of ZnxMn3-xO4Ceramics for Application as IR Detectors

“…All specimens exhibited a very dense microstructure, and the average grain size increased with increasing concentration of Zn ion. This can be explained by the fact that the size of the crystal grains increased and the movement of charge carriers was accelerated due to an increase in the Mn 4+ /Mn 3+ ion ratio resulting from a subset of Zn 2+ ions being located at the octahedral sites [9,10]. However, for specimens with a composition of x≥1.15, the second phase, ZnO, was observed between grain boundaries, which is thought to be due to addition of Zn ions over the solubility limit being segregated in the grain boundary.…”

Microstructures and electrical properties of Sr0.6Bi0.4Fe0.6Sn0.4O3–BaCoII 0.02CoIII 0.04Bi0.94O3 thick-film thermistors with low room-temperature resistivity

“…Various bulk ceramics and thin/thick films with a wide range of adjustable thermistor parameters can be used in order to satisfy the market needs in the different industrial field and tune the device performance to the specific requirements [1][2][3][4]. In general, the bulk ceramics can easily achieve low room-temperature resistivity (q 25 ) and high thermistor constant (b) by tuning the compositions and dopants [5,6]. For the thermistor thick/thin films, it is very difficult to obtain the low q 25 and high b.…”

“…In previous studies, we also found a novel thermistor material of Bi 0.4 Sr 0. 6 O 3 , where x represents the molar ratios] source powders with the organic vehicle in order to obtain printable pastes (as shown in Table 1). Organic vehicle was a solution of ethyl cellulose, lecithin and 2-(2-butoxy ethoxy-ethyl) acetate.…”