Mn distribution in sphalerite: an EPR study

New spectroscopic and diffraction data to solve the vanadium-doped zircon pigment conundrum

“…the 16g site, would have been hindered by the relatively large line width, ΔB. A definitely better agreement is obtained including in the fit an unstructured Lorentzian line centred at the same magnetic field value, the width of which is ~47.5 m T. These are clear features of a V 4+ exchange narrowed line, as already observed for Mn(II) in ZnS sphalerite [67], and thus can be attributed to clusters of V 4+ ions sitting closely to each other. These two signals, i.e.…”

Trace and minor elements in sphalerite: A LA-ICPMS study

“…Olivo and Gibbs (2003) have described exceptionally Mn-rich sphalerite (Zn 0.67-0.73 Mn 0.21-0.25 Fe 0.06-0.09 S) coexisting with alabandite from Santo Toribio, Peru. Di Benedetto et al (2005), drawing on an earlier identifying nanoclusters of Mn in sphalerite (Bernardini et al, 2004) have shown that the presence of Cd may influence the distribution of both Fe and Mn, with Mn and Fe typically inversely correlating with one another due to competition at the mineral-fluid interface.…”

The Incorporation of Cadmium, Manganese and Ferrous Iron in Sphalerite: Insights From Computer Simulations

“…More recently, a range of nanostructured materials such as nanowires (Zhang et al 2005), nanosheets (Yue et al 2006) and nanoparticles (Cao et al 2004) has been produced, using both CdS and ZnS. Many experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanisms of iron incorporation in sphalerite (e.g., Lepetit et al 2003, Di Benedetto et al 2005a, 2005b, Pring et al 2008, whereas other work has focused on manganese and cadmium (Pattrick et al 1998, Bernardini et al 2004. Although there has been considerable success in determining the influence of impurities on the structure of sphalerite, and in mapping of their distribution within individual grains (L' Heureux 2000, Bernardini et al 2004, Di Benedetto et al 2005a, 2005b, considerable gaps are apparent in our understanding of the crystal-chemical controls on impurity uptake and incorporation at the atomic level.…”

“…Many experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanisms of iron incorporation in sphalerite (e.g., Lepetit et al 2003, Di Benedetto et al 2005a, 2005b, Pring et al 2008, whereas other work has focused on manganese and cadmium (Pattrick et al 1998, Bernardini et al 2004. Although there has been considerable success in determining the influence of impurities on the structure of sphalerite, and in mapping of their distribution within individual grains (L' Heureux 2000, Bernardini et al 2004, Di Benedetto et al 2005a, 2005b, considerable gaps are apparent in our understanding of the crystal-chemical controls on impurity uptake and incorporation at the atomic level. In particular, there has been considerable debate in the literature regarding the propensity of impurity ions such as manganese and iron to form bound pairs or clusters, as this has implications for the electronic structure and for the interpretation of the experimental data.…”