mmWave System for Future ITS: A MAC-Layer Approach for V2X Beam Steering

Abstract

Millimetre Waves (mmWave) systems have the potential of enabling multi-gigabit-per-second communications in future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). Unfortunately, because of the increased vehicular mobility, they require frequent antenna beam realignments -thus significantly increasing the in-band Beamforming (BF) overhead. In this paper, we propose Smart Motion-prediction Beam Alignment (SAMBA), a MAC-layer algorithm that exploits the information broadcast via DSRC beacons by all vehicles. Based on these information, overhead-free BF is achieved by estimating the position of the vehicle and predicting its motion. Moreover, adapting the beamwidth with respect to the estimated position can further enhance the performance. Our investigation shows that SAMBA outperforms the IEEE 802.11ad BF strategy, increasing the data rate by more than twice for sparse vehicle density while enhancing the network throughput proportionally to the number of vehicles. Furthermore, SAMBA was proven to be more efficient compared to legacy BF algorithm under highly dynamic vehicular environments and hence, a viable solution for future ITS services.

Multi-Radio 5G Architecture for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Application and Design Insights

“…Obviously, large values of penetration loss and errors in the alignment of the antenna beams will have a disruptive impact on the stability of mmWave links. Also, the legacy beamforming training of IEEE 802.11ad can add an additional latency of up to 20 ms in a system [25].…”

Efficient V2V Communication Scheme for 5G mmWave Hyper-Connected CAVs

“…Our system operates in a heterogeneous manner (DSRC/mmWaves) and the information required for the utility function are encapsulated within the DSRC beacon messages (as in [10]). The generated data g are estimated from each CAV for the next scheduling period and accompanied with the aforementioned information, they are being broadcast in the network.…”

“…The adoption of mmWaves for point-to-point vehicular communications is receiving significant attention in the literature, e.g. [9], [10]. Forming multiple links with the nearby CAVs can significantly enhance the performance of a system.…”

Efficient Millimeter-Wave Infrastructure Placement for City-Scale ITS

“…Introducing Millimeter-Waves (mmWaves) for dense urban environments will significantly improve the performance of small-cell access networks [2]. As shown, mmWave-V2I links have the potential of enabling gigabitper-second data rates and ultra-low latency [3], [4].…”

“…MmWave RSUs especially, are bounded by their Lineof-Sight (LOS) requirements and their strict propagation characteristics [5]. However, they are a perfect candidate for small-cell vehicular deployments as they can meet the rigid bitrate and latency Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints needed by next-generation vehicular applications [3].…”