MMPI profiles and factor scales A and R

Abstract

The factorial dimensions of the MMPI. 14. MCCLELLAND, W. A. A preliminarv test of role-playing ability. J . consult. Psyehol., 1951, 15, -. -102-108. 15. MCNEMAR, Q. Psychological Statistics. (2nd ed.) New York: John Wiley, 1955. 16. MARSH, J. T., HILLIARD, JESSAMINE and LIECHTI, R. A sexual deviation scale for the MMPI. 17. NAVRAN, L. A. A rationally derived MMPI scale to measure dependence. A personality scale of manifest anxiety. J . abnorm. SOC. Psychol., 1953, 48, 285290. 21. WELSH, G. S. Factor dimensions A and R. In G. S. Welsh and W. G . Dahlstrom (Eds.) Basic readings on the MMPI i n psychology and medicine. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1956. 22. WHEELER, W. M., LIWLE, K. B. and LEHNER, G. F. The internal structure of the MMPI. 23. WILLIAMS, H. L. The development of a caudality scale for the MMPI. J . din. PsychoZ., 1952,8, J . m s u l t . Psychol., 1955, 19, 55-59.

Anxiety Characteristics Independently and Prospectively Predict Myocardial Infarction in Men

“…NEGATIVE EMOTION. Negative emotion was measured by the MMPI Welsh A scale (34). It measures various affective and cognitive symptoms of emotional disturbance, such as dysphoric mood, depressive thoughts, and social maladjustment.…”

Personality Disorders: Changes and Stability after Intensive Psychotherapy Focusing on Affect Consciousness

“…This is underlined by a combination of a low level of ego-strength (ES) (Baron, 1953), a high level of anxiety (WA), and a relatively low level of neurotic repression (WR) (Welsh, 1965). On the clinical scales they scored highest on withdrawal (Sc), subjective discomfort (D), social conflict/acting out (Pd), projection (Pa), and anxiety (Pt), and lower on neurotic defense forms such as somatization (Hs), and denialhdealization (Hy).…”

Barron's Ego Strength Scale and Welsh's Anxiety and Repression Scales: A Comparison of the MMPI and MMPI-2

“…Results of the categorization of profiles into the nine categories suggested by Welsh (1965) based on scores on the A and R scales are presented in Table 2. Only 51% (49% of men, 52% of women) of participants had profiles in the same category on both tests.…”

“…Afterwards, the Es, A, and R scales were scored and converted to T scores, then profiles were classified according to Welsh's (1965) nine categories of high, medium, or low scores on the A and R scales. Medium scores were defined as T scores within 1 standard deviation of the tests' mean; scores above that were considered high whereas those 1 or more standard deviations below the mean were classified as low.…”

“…Welsh (1956) developed the A and R scales based on factor analysis of the MMPI that showed two factors he identified as anxiety and repression. Welsh (1965) subsequently suggested conjoint use of scores on the two scales, and interpretations for the nine combinations of high, medium, and low scores on the A and R scales were reported in MMPI textbooks (e.g., Duckworth & Anderson, 1986;Graham, 1987). Test-retest reliability was high for A and moderate for R (see Table 1) whereas internal consistency was high for A (split-half = -88) but low for R (split-half = .48); also, women scored higher than men on both scales (Ben-Porath &Butcher, 1989a;Welsh, 1956).…”