MMP-2 salivary activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a bidirectional relationship. The uncontrolled levels of glucose in T2DM patients change the pathophysiology and balance of inflammatory mediators. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is responsible for tissue remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix in periodontal tissue. Therefore, the uncontrolled levels of glucose in T2DM could lead to an imbalance in MMP-2 activity in saliva, favoring the development of periodontitis.MethodsNinety-seven T2DM patients from Hospital Dr. Donato Alarcon were included in the study. Following clinical examination, the patients were classified into four groups according to the presence and degree of periodontal disease and glycemic control. Blood and whole saliva samples (WSS) were collected from each patient. Blood samples were used for Hba1c and polymorphonuclear cells count determination, while WSS were used to determine MMP-2 activity, TIMP-1 and nitrite. MMP-2 activity was determined by zymography. TIMP-1 were determined by Western blotting, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined by the Griess method.ResultsOf the 97 patients with T2DM, 66 had periodontitis of different severities: 18 patients had mild periodontitis, 15 had moderate and 33 had severe. Salivary MMP-2 activity, HbA1c and TIMP-1 were positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. On the other hand, the increase in HbA1c was negatively correlated with MMP-2 activity and quantity of TIMP-1 but was positively correlated with nitrite levels.ConclusionsT2DM with glycemic uncontrol conditions, distinct clinical alterations in periodontal tissue were identified, including a decrease in the gingival redness, increased the clinical attachment loss and imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-1, as the possible causes of disorders promoting the progression of periodontitis. Accelerated periodontitis development with poor glycemic uncontrol likely results from the altered response of host defenses and decreased activity of polymorphonuclear cells. Taken together, these findings identify MMP-2 as a promising molecular market for periodontitis.

Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes

“…Like others, we found that several salivary biomolecules are differentially expressed in DWoP and DWP compared with periodontally healthier patients (Arreguin‐Cano et al, 2019; Costa et al, 2010; Gupta et al, 2016; Ribeiro et al, 2011; Yilmaz et al, 2020). The greatest differences between DWoP and NP in our study were observed with salivary concentrations of IL‐1β and MMP‐8.…”

Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors: Potential for the Development of New Therapeutics

“…The observation of increased MMP activity in T2DM patients was also made in other studies [156]. As an example, uncontrolled glycemic conditions in T2DM patients were particularly identified with modifications in periodontal tissues; therefore, the severity in periodontitis is analogous to a measurement of T2DM disease progression [157]. Patients with severe periodontitis indicated a considerably higher level of proMMP-2 and MMP-2 than healthy individuals [157].…”

PTGER3 and MMP-2 play potential roles in diabetic nephropathy via competing endogenous RNA mechanisms

“…MMP -2 expression is a marker of newly formed β-cells and is negative in the islets of adult rats [ 29 ]. It was positively correlated with periodontitis severity in patients with type 2 DM [ 30 ]. In addition, the expression of MMP -2 was higher in patients with type 2 DM compliant with the peripheral arterial disease compared with diabetic patients without arterial diseases and control groups [ 31 , 32 ].…”