Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes

Miller, Craig S.; Ding, Xiuhua; Dawson, Dolphus R.; Ebersole, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1111/jcpe.13393

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…After periodontal treatment, increased mRNA levels of IL1B in chronic periodontitis were also significantly reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with BOP ≥ 16% but not of patients with BOP < 16% ( 216 ). Moreover, increased salivary IL-1β levels may have applications as a biomarker for evaluation of periodontal health in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease ( 217 , 218 ). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus may also aggravate periodontal pocket formation by enhancing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, and the dissemination of periodontal pathogens, and increased IL-1β release may exacerbate coronavirus disease 2019 lung infection ( 219 , 220 ).…”

Section: Inflammasomes In Inflammatory Osteolysis Of the Alveolar Bone And Jawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Ling

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast–osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.

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Section: Inflammasomes In Inflammatory Osteolysis Of the Alveolar Bone And Jawsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Ling

Jiang

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…In the field of endodontics, it has been reported that, in irreversible pulpitis, the activity of metalloproteinase 9 increases, thus causing the degradation of dentin collagen around the dental pulp 26 . In the field of periodontics, it has been reported in some studies through salivary biomarkers that type 8 metalloproteinase is associated with patients with periodontal disease who present as risk factor a systemic disease, such as diabetes, demonstrating specifically in these patients, elevated levels of metalloproteinases in the mouth 27,28 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 In the field of periodontics, it has been reported in some studies through salivary biomarkers that type 8 metalloproteinase is associated with patients with periodontal disease who present as risk factor a systemic disease, such as diabetes, demonstrating specifically in these patients, elevated levels of metalloproteinases in the mouth. 27,28 In a study conducted on Ecuadorian dental students, a good level of knowledge was reported about a metalloproteinase inhibitor in direct restorations, demonstrating some competence in the knowledge of subject. 29 Currently, there are no studies that have assessed the level of knowledge about metalloproteinases in dental students who are close to completing their professional career.…”

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confidence: 99%

Level of knowledge about metalloproteinases in dental students close to graduate from three universities in Peruvian capital city

Cayo-Rojas

Soto‐Castro

Castro-Mena

et al. 2022

Eur J Dental Education

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Background Metalloproteinases are proteolytic enzymes that degrade dentin and periodontal collagen; therefore, it is of special interest that dental students know its mechanism of action and how its effects can be inhibited. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the level of knowledge about metalloproteinases in dental students close to graduate from three universities in Peruvian capital city. Materials and methods In this analytical, observational, cross‐sectional and prospective study, 223 dental students close to graduate in three Peruvian universities were evaluated from September to November 2020. A questionnaire of 20 closed questions with three answers was validated and used to measure the level of general and dental knowledge about metalloproteinases. A logit model was used to evaluate the influence of the following variables: “gender” (X1), “type of university” (X2), “marital status” (X3) and “age group” (X4), in the knowledge levels of the students, considering a p‐value <.05. Results Of the 223 dentistry students, it was obtained that the level of knowledge about metalloproteinases was predominantly low with 82.1%, (95% confidence interval (CI): 77.1%–87.1%) of the total. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, "type of university" was the only variable that proved to have a significant influence (p = .022) on the level of knowledge about metalloproteinases with an odds ratio of (OR = 0.44; CI: 0.21–0.89), whilst the other variables "age group" (p > .05), "gender" (p = .058) and "marital status" (p = .114) were not considered influential factors. Conclusion The majority of final year dental students in three Peruvian universities presented a low level of overall knowledge about metalloproteinases. In addition, private university students were 56% less likely to pass the subject knowledge test. On contrary, gender, age group and marital status did not significantly influence the level of knowledge of the students.

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“…Informed consent was provided by all donors. All saliva samples were collected at the Periodontology Department of the West China Hospital of Stomatology, according to the methods described earlier (Miller et al, 2021). The patients were diagnosed with periodontitis according to the clinical classification and definition of periodontitis (Tonetti et al, 2018).…”

Section: Collection Of Saliva Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Colonization and Immune Landscapes of Periodontitis Microbiota in Germ-Free Mice With Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Shen

Wei

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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A two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis has been discussed recently. Periodontitis microbiota might affect the immune homeostasis of diabetes, but the molecular mechanism of their interactions is still not clear. The aims of this study were to clarify the possible immune regulatory effects of periodontitis microbiota on diabetes and the correlation between immunomodulation and ectopic colonization. A model of germ-free mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), which was orally inoculated with mixed saliva samples for 2 weeks, was used in this study. Those mice were randomly divided into two groups, namely, SP (where the T1D mice were orally inoculated with mixed saliva samples from periodontitis patients) and SH (where the T1D mice were orally inoculated with mixed saliva samples from healthy subjects). Ectopic colonization of saliva microbiota was assessed using culture-dependent method and Sanger sequencing, and the composition of gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Changes in 15 types of immune cells and six cytokines either from the small intestine or spleen were detected by multicolor flow cytometry. The correlation between gut microbiota and immune cells was evaluated by redundancy analysis. Although periodontitis microbiota minorly colonized the lungs, spleens, and blood system, they predominantly colonized the gut, which was mainly invaded by Klebsiella. SH and SP differed in beta diversity of the gut bacterial community. Compared to SH, microbial alteration in small intestine occurred with an increase of Lacticaseibacillus, Bacillus, Agathobacter, Bacteroides, and a decrease of Raoultella in SP. More types of immune cells were disordered in the spleen than in the small intestine by periodontitis microbiota, mainly with a dramatical increase in the proportion of macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), monocytes, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, CD4-CD8- T cells and Th17 cells, as well as a decline of αβT cells in SP. Cytokines of IFNγ, IL17, and IL22 produced by CD4 + T cells as well as IL22 produced by ILCs of small intestine rose in numbers, and the intestinal and splenic pDCs were positively regulated by gut bacterial community in SP. In conclusion, periodontitis microbiota invasion leads to ectopic colonization of the extra-oral sites and immune cells infiltration, which might cause local or systemic inflammation. Those cells are considered to act as a “bridge” between T1D and periodontitis.

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Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes

Cited by 26 publications

References 72 publications

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss

Level of knowledge about metalloproteinases in dental students close to graduate from three universities in Peruvian capital city

Ectopic Colonization and Immune Landscapes of Periodontitis Microbiota in Germ-Free Mice With Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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