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 Study of States in 
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Rebeiro, B. M.; Triambak, S.; Garrett, P. E.; Ball, G. C.; Brown, B. A.; Menéndez, J.; Romeo, B.; Adsley, P.; Lenardo, B. G.; Lindsay, R.; Bildstein, V.; Burbadge, C.; Coleman, R.; Diaz Varela, A.; Dubey, R.; Faestermann, T.; Hertenberger, R.; Kamil, M.; Leach, K. G.; Natzke, C.; Nzobadila Ondze, J. C.; Radich, A.; Rand, E.; Wirth, H.-F.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.052501

“…This analysis allows a ∼100 keV fermion mass (Yunis et al 2020). On the other hand, promising direct searches of dark matter in terrestrial laboratories, e.g., xenon, krypton, and argon detectors, via the dark matter interactions with ordinary matter, electrons, and nucleons, via kinetic energy recoils or even target ionization have started to look for a dark matter fermion in the tens of keV range (see, e.g., Dror et al 2020;Shakeri et al 2020;Dror et al 2021;Aprile et al 2022;Ge et al 2022;Li et al 2022;Zhang et al 2022;Aalbers et al 2023;Abe et al 2023;Caddell et al 2023;PandaX Collaboration et al 2023;Rebeiro et al 2023;Smirnov & Trautner 2023, and references therein). This is precisely the fermion mass-energy range that we have inferred from combined astrophysical analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes

Argüelles,

Rueda,

Ruffini

2024

ApJL

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Nonlinear structure formation for fermionic dark matter particles leads to dark matter density profiles with a degenerate compact core surrounded by a diluted halo. For a given fermion mass, the core has a critical mass that collapses into a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Galactic dynamics constraints suggest a ∼100 keV/c 2 fermion, which leads to ∼107 M ⊙ critical core mass. Here, we show that baryonic (ordinary) matter accretion drives an initially stable dark matter core to SMBH formation and determines the accreted mass threshold that induces it. Baryonic gas density ρ b and velocity v b inferred from cosmological hydrosimulations and observations produce sub-Eddington accretion rates triggering the baryon-induced collapse in less than 1 Gyr. This process produces active galactic nuclei in galaxy mergers and the high-redshift Universe. For TXS 2116–077, merging with a nearby galaxy, the observed 3 × 107 M ⊙ SMBH, for Q b = ρ b / v b 3 = 0.125 M ⊙ / ( 100 km s − 1 pc ) 3 , forms in ≈0.6 Gyr, consistent with the 0.5–2 Gyr merger timescale and younger jet. For the farthest central SMBH detected by the Chandra X-ray satellite in the z = 10.3 UHZ1 galaxy observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the mechanism leads to a 4 × 107 M ⊙ SMBH in 87–187 Myr, starting the accretion at z = 12–15. The baryon-induced collapse can also explain the ≈107–108 M ⊙ SMBHs revealed by JWST at z ≈ 4–6. After its formation, the SMBH can grow to a few 109 M ⊙ in timescales shorter than 1 Gyr via sub-Eddington baryonic mass accretion.

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“…This analysis allows a ∼ 100 keV fermion mass (Yunis & et al 2020). On the other hand, promising direct searches of dark matter in terrestrial laboratories, e.g., Xenon, Krypton, and Argon detectors, via the dark matter interactions with ordinary matter, electrons, and nucleons, via kinetic energy recoils or even target ionization have started to look for a dark matter fermion in the tens of keV range (see, e.g., Shakeri et al 2020;Dror et al 2020Dror et al , 2021Aprile et al 2022;Li et al 2022;Ge et al 2022;Rebeiro et al 2023;PandaX Collaboration et al 2023;Zhang et al 2022;Abe et al 2023;Caddell et al 2023;Aalbers et al 2023;Smirnov & Trautner 2023, and references therein). A mass-energy which we have inferred from combined astrophysical analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the growth of supermassive black holes formed from the gravitational collapse of fermionic dark matter cores

Argüelles

¹

,

Boshkayev

²

,

Krut

³

et al. 2023

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Observations support the idea that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) power the emission at the centre of active galaxies. However, contrary to stellar-mass BHs, there is a poor understanding of their origin and physical formation channel. In this article, we propose a new process of SMBH formation in the early Universe that is not associated with baryonic matter (massive stars) or primordial cosmology. In this novel approach, SMBH seeds originate from the gravitational collapse of fermionic dense dark matter (DM) cores that arise at the centre of DM haloes as they form. We show that such a DM formation channel can occur before star formation, leading to heavier BH seeds than standard baryonic channels. The SMBH seeds subsequently grow by accretion. We compute the evolution of the mass and angular momentum of the BH using a geodesic general relativistic disc accretion model. We show that these SMBH seeds grow to ∼109–$10^{10} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ in the first Gyr of the lifetime of the Universe without invoking unrealistic (or fine-tuned) accretion rates.

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“…Unlike the electron scattering channel, XeCC allows one-to-one neutrino energy reconstruction by detecting 𝑒 − and all de-excitation 𝛾-rays. Figure 1 shows the expected energy spectrum of XeCC events caused by solar neutrinos, where Δ𝑚 2 21 = 7.51 × 10 −5 eV 2 , sin 2 𝜃 12 = 0.306, sin 2 𝜃 13 = 0.0219 [5] and BP16-GS98 SSM [6] were assumed. The 7 Be-𝜈 rate, 5.9 ton −1 yr −1 , may be within reach of KamLAND-Zen 800 (see Section 3).…”

Section: Physics Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…𝜈 e (or dark matter : 𝜒) + 136 Xe → e − + 136 Cs * (XeCC) is an available reaction channel at xenonbased experiments whose observables are recoil electrons and de-excitation 𝛾-rays from the excited state of 136 Cs [1]. Recentry, the low-lying isomeric states in 136 Cs * with lifetimes on the order of 100 ns were observed [2,3]. Therefore, one can conduct delayed-coincidence tagging of multiple time-correlated de-excitation 𝛾-rays using a ns-response detector like liquid scintillator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Detecting Charged-Current Neutrino Interactions on $^{136}$Xe in KamLAND-Zen: Implications for Solar Neutrino Measurements and Fermionic Dark Matter Searches

Tachibana

2024

Proceedings of XVIII International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics — PoS(TAUP2023)

0

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A 136 Xe nuclei capture electron neutrinos through charged-current (CC) interaction. This lead to an excited state of 136 Cs : 𝜈 e + 136 Xe → e − + 136 Cs (1 + ). This reaction can be used for low energy solar neutrino measurements and MeV scale mass fermionic dark matter searches. The recent observation of low-lying isomeric states in 136 Cs with lifetimes on the order of 100 ns implies that the CC interaction can be identified by a delayed-coincidence measurement in liquid scintillator detector. This technique involves detecting a prompt signal conposed of the electron and most of the de-excitation 𝛾-rays, followed by a delayed signal consisting of the remaining de-excitation 𝛾-rays with energies below 140 keV. KamLAND-Zen is an experiment designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 136 Xe. KamLAND-Zen uses organic liquid scintillators dissolving 750 kg of xenon (91% enriched in 136 Xe) and has the world's largest exposure to the CC reaction. We conducted a feasibility study of identifying the CC interaction in KamLAND-Zen.

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Ba138(d,α) Study of States in

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes

Baryon-induced Collapse of Dark Matter Cores into Supermassive Black Holes

On the growth of supermassive black holes formed from the gravitational collapse of fermionic dark matter cores

A New Method for Detecting Charged-Current Neutrino Interactions on $^{136}$Xe in KamLAND-Zen: Implications for Solar Neutrino Measurements and Fermionic Dark Matter Searches

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