The properties of uniformly rotating white dwarfs (RWDs) are analyzed within the framework of general relativity. Hartle's formalism is applied to construct the internal and external solutions to the Einstein equations. The WD matter is described by the relativistic Feynman-Metropolis-Teller equation of state which generalizes the Salpeter's one by taking into account the finite size of the nuclei, the Coulomb interactions as well as electroweak equilibrium in a self-consistent relativistic fashion. The mass M, radius R, angular momentum J, eccentricity ǫ, and quadrupole moment Q of RWDs are calculated as a function of the central density ρ c and rotation angular velocity Ω. We construct the region of stability of RWDs (J-M plane) taking into account the mass-shedding limit, inverse β-decay instability, and the boundary established by the turning-points of constant J sequences which separates stable from secularly unstable configurations. We found the minimum rotation periods ∼ 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 2.2 seconds and maximum masses ∼ 1.500, 1.474, 1.467, 1.202 M ⊙ for 4 He, 12 C, 16 O, and 56 Fe WDs respectively. By using the turning-point method we found that RWDs can indeed be axisymmetrically unstable and we give the range of WD parameters where it occurs. We also construct constant rest-mass evolution tracks of RWDs at fixed chemical composition and show that, by loosing angular momentum, sub-Chandrasekhar RWDs (mass smaller than maximum static one) can experience both spin-up and spin-down epochs depending on their initial mass and rotation period while, super-Chandrasekhar RWDs (mass larger than maximum static one), only spin-up.
We investigate the motion of test particles in the gravitational field of a static naked singularity generated by a mass distribution with quadrupole moment. We use the quadrupole-metric ($q-$metric) which is the simplest generalization of the Schwarzschild metric with a quadrupole parameter. We study the influence of the quadrupole on the motion of massive test particles and photons and show that the behavior of the geodesics can drastically depend on the values of the quadrupole parameter. In particular, we prove explicitly that the perihelion distance depends on the value of the quadrupole. Moreover, we show that an accretion disk on the equatorial plane of the quadrupole source can be either continuous or discrete, depending on the value of the quadrupole. The inner radius of the disk can be used in certain cases to determine the value of the quadrupole parameter. The case of a discrete accretion is interpreted as due to the presence of repulsive gravity generated by the naked singularity. Radial geodesics are also investigated and compared with the Schwarzschild counterparts.Comment: Corrected typo
In our previous treatment of neutron stars, we have developed the model fulfilling global and not local charge neutrality. In order to implement such a model, we have shown the essential role by the Thomas-Fermi equations, duly generalized to the case of electromagnetic field equations in a general relativistic framework, forming a coupled system of equations that we have denominated Einstein-Maxwell-Thomas-Fermi (EMTF) equations. From the microphysical point of view, the weak interactions are accounted for by requesting the β stability of the system, and the strong interactions by using the σ-ω-ρ nuclear model, where σ, ω and ρ are the mediator massive vector mesons. Here we examine the equilibrium configurations of slowly rotating neutron stars by using the Hartle formalism in the case of the EMTF equations indicated above. We integrate these equations of equilibrium for different central densities ρ c and circular angular velocities Ω and compute the mass M , polar R p and equatorial R eq radii, angular momentum J, eccentricity ǫ, moment of inertia I, as well as quadrupole moment Q of the configurations. Both the Keplerian mass-shedding limit and the axisymmetric secular instability are used to construct the new mass-radius relation. We compute the maximum and minimum masses and rotation frequencies of neutron stars. We compare and contrast all the results for the global and local charge neutrality cases. ⊙ Static J = 0.2 J = 0.5 J = 0.7 J = 1.0 J = 1.2 J = 1.3 Keplerian Secular Inst. ⊙ Static J = 0.2 J = 0.5 J = 0.7 J = 1.0 J = 1.2 J = 1.3 Keplerian Secular Inst.
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