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Abstract

Cultures of lymphoblastoid Namalva cells have been used to check the absence of toxic impurities in fluorocarbons destined for biomedical applications. The test comprises the measurement of growth rate and viability in the presence of the fluorocarbon, and of growth after reseeding. It was used to establish a procedure for the detoxification of a family of fluorocarbons by evaluating the effect on toxicity of a series of individual or combined treatments. A convenient, rapid and industrially feasible procedure was developed which includes washing with 10 % aqueous KOH, shaking with charcoal and filtration over alumina.

Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Uses of Molecular Fluorocarbon−Hydrocarbon Diblocks, Triblocks, and Related Compounds—Unique “Apolar” Components for Self-Assembled Colloid and Interface Engineering

“…395 Incubation for 4 days of various neat FnCHdCHHm triblocks with Namalva lymphoblastoid cell cultures did not affect the growth and viability of these cells (Table 7). 84,341 Likewise, contact of HeLa-carcinoma cells with a series of FnHm diblocks (n ) 6, 8, 10; m ) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) did not inhibit cell proliferation. 360 No significant toxic effects were detected when cell cultures were contacted with purified diblocks (e.g., F6H2, F8H8, F8CH 2 CHdCHCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 ) destined for ophthalmological uses.…”

“…Filtration over activated alumina is strongly recommended when elimination of traces of potentially toxic material is essential. 84 Some diblocks (e.g., F8H18) have been purified based on their capacity to form gels in organic solvents. 85…”

Oxygen Carriers (“Blood Substitutes”)Raison d'Etre, Chemistry, and Some PhysiologyBlut ist ein ganz besondrer Saft

“…Tensions at the PFC/water interface were on the order of 1−10 mN m -1 . Hemolytic activity, , impact on the growth and viability of cell cultures, and acute toxicity in mice , were determined. Hemolytic activity was surprisingly low and often undetectable, despite high surface activity.…”

“…Distillation, washing with a KOH solution, and filtration over alumina usually suffice to remove such toxicity. Cell cultures provide a sensitive test for assessing impurity-related toxicity and monitoring purification. ,, There is no sound evidence that the presence of isolated hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, secondary oxygen, or tertiary nitrogen atoms or of a double bond in the PFC's structure induces any toxicity.…”

“…Cell cultures provide a sensitive test for assessing impurity-related toxicity and monitoring purification. 1441,1535,1701 There is no sound evidence that the presence of isolated hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, secondary oxygen, or tertiary nitrogen atoms or of a double bond in the PFC's structure induces any toxicity. Fluosol elicited in some patients an anaphylactoid reaction related to complement activation (alternative pathway) that could include hemodynamic perturbations and was attributed to the surfactant.…”