MLVA-16 Genotyping of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Isolates from Different Animal Species in Egypt: Geographical Relatedness and the Mediterranean Lineage

Wareth, Gamal; El-Diasty, Mohamed; Melzer, Falk; Schmoock, Gernot; Moustafa, Shawky; El-Beskawy, Mohamed; Khater, Dali F; Hamdy, Mahmoud; Zaki, Hoda Mohamed; Ferreira, Ana Cristina; Ekateriniadou, Loukia; Boukouvala, Evridiki; Abdel-Glil, Mostafa Y.; Menshawy, Ahmed M. S.; Sancho, M.; Sakhria, Sonia; Pletz, Mathias W.; Neubauer, Heinrich

doi:10.3390/pathogens9060498

Cited by 30 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Both B. abortus and B. melitensis are circulating within the animal population as they have been recovered from cattle and buffaloes, sheep and goats, and dogs and cats [ 12 , 17 , 46 , 47 ]. The isolation of B. melitensis from cattle and buffaloes confirms its ability to establish permanent animal reservoirs in atypical hosts [ 8 , 17 ]. Circulation in cattle and buffaloes of B. melitensis , the most virulent of all brucellae, increases the risk for occupational human infection as most animals are owned by individual households and are kept in small, usually mixed herds that move daily between house yards and grazing grounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucella melitensis is the predominant species in Egypt, as it is identified in almost every animal species as well as in humans [ 8 , 9 , 17 ]. The high prevalence of B. melitensis bv3 in large ruminants (secondary host) in the country represents a complex epidemiological situation that necessitates detailed epidemiological investigations and genotyping of prevalent strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classical biotyping methods recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) are based on phage typing, biochemical, and serological characteristics [ 15 ]. These methods are laborious and require the handling of viable bacteria, yet their resolution power is too low for the Egyptian scenario where B. melitensis biovar 3 and B. abortus biovar 1 are almost exclusively isolated [ 8 , 16 , 17 ]. The monomorphism of brucellae hinders differentiation at the strain level [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole-Genome Sequencing for Tracing the Genetic Diversity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Isolated from Livestock in Egypt

et al. 2021

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Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis that occurs worldwide. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become a widely accepted molecular typing method for outbreak tracing and genomic epidemiology of brucellosis. Twenty-nine Brucella spp. (eight B. abortus biovar 1 and 21 B. melitensis biovar 3) were isolated from lymph nodes, milk, and fetal abomasal contents of infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats originating from nine districts in Egypt. The isolates were identified by microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Differentiation and genotyping were confirmed using multiplex PCR. Illumina MiSeq® was used to sequence the 29 Brucella isolates. Using MLST typing, ST11 and ST1 were identified among B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. Brucella abortus and B. melitensis isolates were divided into two main clusters (clusters 1 and 2) containing two and nine distinct genotypes by core-genome SNP analysis, respectively. The genotypes were irregularly distributed over time and space in the study area. Both Egyptian B. abortus and B. melitensis isolates proved to be genomically unique upon comparison with publicly available sequencing from strains of neighboring Mediterranean, African, and Asian countries. The antimicrobial resistance mechanism caused by mutations in rpoB, gyrA, and gyrB genes associated with rifampicin and ciprofloxacin resistance were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the epidemiology of Brucella isolates from livestock belonging to different localities in Egypt based on whole genome analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole-Genome Sequencing for Tracing the Genetic Diversity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Isolated from Livestock in Egypt

et al. 2021

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“…Accordingly, there is the potential for transmission of brucellosis during processing of animals and trade of animal products. Currently, MLVA-16 genotyping of Brucella strains can be used for trace-back and trace-forward investigations, as well as the identification of the spreading route ( 26 ), and MLVA-11 is often used to trace back the geographic origin of strains ( 27 ). Moreover, whole-genome sequencing–single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) is likely to be a suitable tool for trace-back analysis of Brucella melitensis , as it is capable of suggesting the potential geographic origin of a given strain ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Genetic Relatedness of Brucella Strains in Countries Along the Silk Road

et al. 2021

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In this study, MLVA (multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) genotype data of Brucella strains from 11 countries along the Silk Road were downloaded from the MLVAbank. MLVA data of strains were applied to the constructed Minimum Spanning Tree to explore the species/biovars distribution, geographic origins, and genetic relationships of the strains analyzed. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing–single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) phylogenetic analysis of the genome of Brucella melitensis strains from GenBank was performed to discriminate the relatedness of strains further and investigate the transmission pattern of B. melitensis brucellosis. A total of 1,503 Brucella strains were analyzed in this study: 431 Brucella abortus strains (29.8%), 1,009 B. melitensis strains (65.7%), and 63 Brucella suis strains (4.5%). B. melitensis biovar 3 was the dominant species and was shown to be widespread in all of the examined regions, suggesting that the prevention and surveillance of the B. melitensis population are a main challenge in these countries. A wide host spectrum was observed for this Brucella population; many animal reservoirs are a potential reason for the continuous brucellosis circulation in these countries. Although the B. abortus strains from the examined regions had common geographic origins, only a few shared genotypes were observed in different countries. These data revealed that the majority of B. abortus strains were spreading within the national borders. However, the B. melitensis strains from Italy originated from a Western Mediterranean lineage; strains from the other 10 countries originated from Eastern Mediterranean lineage, and this lineage was shared by strains from three to nine different countries, suggesting that the introduction and reintroduction of the disease in the 10 countries might have occurred in the past. Furthermore, the most shared MLVA-16 genotypes were formed in the B. melitensis strains from China, Kazakhstan, and Turkey, suggesting that the introduction and trade in sheep and goats have occurred frequently in these countries. WGS-SNP analysis showed that the B. melitensis in this study originated from the Malta (Italy) region. According to their territorial affiliation between four clade strains from these countries in genotype B, the absence of a clear differentiation suggests that strains continuously expand and spread in countries along with Silk Road. Active exchange and trade of animals (sheep and goats) among these countries are reasonable explanations. B. suis strains from different nations showed unique geographic origins and epidemiological characteristics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the control of transfer and trade of infected sheep (goats) in countries along the Silk Road, namely, the strengthening of the entry–exit quarantine of sheep and goats and improvements in the diagnosis of animal brucellosis.

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“…Accordingly, there is the potential for transmission of brucellosis during processing of animals and trade of animal products. Currently, MLVA-16 genotyping of Brucella strains can be used for trace-back and trace-forward investigations, as well as the identification of the spreading route (26), and MLVA-11 is often used to trace back the geographic origin of strains (27). Moreover, whole-genome sequencing-singlenucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) is likely to be a suitable tool for trace-back analysis of Brucella melitensis, as it is capable of suggesting the potential geographic origin of a given strain (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MLVA-16 Genotyping of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Isolates from Different Animal Species in Egypt: Geographical Relatedness and the Mediterranean Lineage

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Whole-Genome Sequencing for Tracing the Genetic Diversity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Isolated from Livestock in Egypt

Whole-Genome Sequencing for Tracing the Genetic Diversity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Isolated from Livestock in Egypt

Investigation of Genetic Relatedness of Brucella Strains in Countries Along the Silk Road

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