Mixture properties of the water + .gamma.-butyrolactone + tetrahydrofuran system. Part 3. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of water + .gamma.-butyrolactone and tetrahydrofuran + .gamma.-butyrolactone at 1.013 bar

Preferential solvation in mixed solvents.

“…Isothermal VLE, i.e., vapor pressure and composition, data for aqueous 1,3-dioxolane mixtures were reported by Hrnc ˇir ˇik et al 14 18 and that of water from Riddick et al, 19 so that the activity coefficients and the excess Gibbs energy G E (x S ) could be calculated from these parameters. There exist isothermal VLE data 20 at 368.15 K leading to activity coefficients of water, but the authors commented that the activity coefficients of GBL are of low accuracy, due to the low content of GBL in the vapor, and would be worst at the lower x S since the water constituted q97.3 mol% of the vapor.…”

“…The Kirkwood-Buff integrals for aqueous GBL from G E (x S ) at 343.15 17 and 368.15 K 20 are shown in Fig. 2 and the derived volume-corrected preferential solvation parameters are shown in Fig.…”

“…17 Since no isothermal VLE data have been reported and in view of the availability of density data by Ramkumar and Kudchadker18 for 343.15 K and the indifference of the Wilson parameters to the temperature shown in the case of DXL (see above), it was tentatively assumed that the Wilson parameters for GBL were valid for 343.15 K. The molar volume of GBL is available at this temperature…”

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium for Binary System of Tetrahydrofuran + 1,4-Butanediol and gamma-Butyrolactone at 50.0 and 70.0 kPa

“…VLE data for the GBL + BDO have been reported in our previous work at P = 30, 50, 70 kPa, Giles N.F . also reported the VLE data for the BDO + GBL at 383.15 K. Ramkumar, D.H.S . reported VLE data for THF + GBL at 101.3 kPa.…”

Carbon nanotubes–SU8 composite for flexible conductive inkjet printable applications

“…27 The manufacturer of the inkjet head used in this work recommends a viscosity between 1 and 20 mPa s, while the industrial head manufacturer Fujifilm Dimatix Inc. (Santa Clara, CA) recommends a viscosity near 10-12 mPa s. To reduce the SU8 ink viscosity sufficiently for printing, GBL was selected as it offers high solvency, 28 low toxicity, low viscosity, and low cost. GBL has a viscosity of 1.892 mPa s at 20 C which decreases to 0.951 mPa s at 70 C. 29 GBL has been used as a solvent in SU8 inkjet inks in the past. 30 Vapor pressure is another critical solvent property when formulating an ink for inkjet printing.…”