Mixture design experiments applied for the formulation of a textile ink with reproduction of the NATO IRR green color used in military camouflage

Abstract

<jats:p> This paper presents the development of a mathematical model for pigment formulations used for screen printing textile inks in order to reproduce the NATO IRR green standard using four highly performant pigments: Hostaperm Yellow H4G (CI 13980), Irgazin Red A2BN (CI 65300), Heliogen Blue (CI 74160), and Lamp Black (CI 77266). In order to study the influence of each pigment on the final CIE L* a* b* parameters, a quadratic mathematical model (Scheffé type) was created and experimentally validated. The model was used and verified for generating pigment compositions for textile inks that reproduce the NATO IRR green. A total of 22 possible solutions were developed and experimentally performed. Studies regarding the reflectance in the visible-near-infrared domain were conducted, ensuring compliance with the standard. The optimal composition of the pigment mixture was 66.55% Hostaperm Yellow H4G, 7.66% Heliogen Blue, 12.01% Irgazin Red A2BN, and 13.78% Irgazin Red A2BN. The mixture was added to textile ink in the proportion of 5% and was applied via serigraphy. </jats:p>

Transparent Flexible Moisture-Absorbing Film as Ca2+ Pump Dispenser Mimic

“…As shown in Figure , a flexible bionic leaf (VSSM–Ca@SA/PAAS composites) was prepared by incorporating Ca@SA/PAAS films with a preprepared Vis spectral simulating material (VSSM). The bionic leaves exhibit a similar Vis–NIR reflection spectrum to plant leaves for the protection and concealment of artificial targets such as trucks. − The Ca@SA/PAAS films with sustainable self-driven moisture-absorbing capacity and VSSM provide the NIR spectral features of water absorption valleys and Vis spectral features for bionic leaves, respectively. The water absorption valley, which has two absorption peaks in the reflectance spectrum of plant leaves at 1450 and 1930 nm and is generated due to the O–H stretching vibration in the water, plays a critical role in the spectral simulation of plant leaves .…”

Research status and development of infrared camouflage textile materials

“…For example, a conductive polymer was added to adjust the near-infrared spectral reflectivity of fabrics, 55 and a mathematical model was established for verification. 56 Through the research on the existing camouflage materials, the camouflage effect in the range of vision and near-infrared radiation spectrum was evaluated. 57…”

Multi-response mixture design applied for the formulation of a textile green camouflage ink with reproduction of a leaf green

“…The manual color-matching method relied on the experience of workers, and the computer color-matching method involved an artificial neural network-based method, a polynomial regression-based method, and a colormatching method based on experimental design. [9][10][11][12][13][14] The manual color-matching method was challenging to operate, while the computerized color-matching methods mainly focused on the formulation of visible light colors in the 380-760 nm band and rarely involved the regulation of indicator parameters in the near-infrared (NIR) band.…”