Mixed metal zero-mode guides (ZMWs) for tunable fluorescence enhancement

Masud, Abdullah Al; Martin, William Marty; Moonschi, Faruk H.; Park, Somin; Srijanto, Bernadeta; Graham, Kenneth R.; Collier, C. Patrick; Richards, Christopher I.

doi:10.1039/c9na00641a

Cited by 7 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Ignoring these two potential outliers changes the enhancement factors to 1.6, 1.9, 1.6, and 1.8. This is comparable to what has been observed with Atto647 in 200 nm gold ZMWs previously [ 18 , 26 ]. Our enhancement factors are slightly lower for three possible reasons.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A smaller hole diameter would reduce the enhancement factor [ 21 ]. (2) Our analysis is based upon the photon stream, whereas past reports operated on binned trajectories [ 18 , 26 ], FCS [ 16 , 82 ], or FRET efficiencies [ 21 ]. Binning reduces resolution in a way that eliminates short-lived traversals that may contribute to the average intensity in a significant way.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gold ZMWs of 200 nm diameter have been shown to provide the highest enhancements for fluorescent dyes in the red region of the visible spectrum [ 26 ]. We chose to use Atto647-NHS ester with an absorption maximum at

nm and emission maximum at

nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having a diameter smaller than the wavelength of excitation light, the ZMW acts as a plasmonic resonator that may enhance fluorescence absorption and emission [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. As a new approach in SMS, the characterization of ZMW related to size and shape [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], metal and layering compositions [ 18 , 21 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], excitation wavelength [ 19 ], spatial position of fluorophores relative to the metal structures [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], and spectral overlap of the surface plasmon resonance and excitation/emission of fluorophores [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ] have been highly active areas of research. The geometry and opacity of the ZMW enables measurements at physiological concentrations (∼1–100 μM) in SMS [ 30 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of ZMW fabrication techniques have been reported, including deep UV photolithography [ 69 ], electron beam lithography [ 14 , 18 , 26 , 69 ], colloidal lithography [ 70 ], and focused ion beam (FIB) milling with gallium ions [ 25 , 29 , 71 , 72 ]. Each of these techniques has advantages and disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold Ion Beam Milled Gold Zero-Mode Waveguides

et al. 2022

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Zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) are widely used in single molecule fluorescence microscopy for their enhancement of emitted light and the ability to study samples at physiological concentrations. ZMWs are typically produced using photo or electron beam lithography. We report a new method of ZMW production using focused ion beam (FIB) milling with gold ions. We demonstrate that ion-milled gold ZMWs with 200 nm apertures exhibit similar plasmon-enhanced fluorescence seen with ZMWs fabricated with traditional techniques such as electron beam lithography.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

nm and emission maximum at

nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold Ion Beam Milled Gold Zero-Mode Waveguides

et al. 2022

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Photoluminescence Enhancement, Blinking Suppression, and Improved Biexciton Quantum Yield of Single Quantum Dots in Zero Mode Waveguides

Masud

Fairooz

et al. 2021

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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The capability of quantum dots to generate both single and multiexcitons can be harnessed for a wide variety of applications, including those that require high optical gain. Here, we use time-correlated photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to demonstrate that the isolation of single CdSeTe/ZnS core−shell, nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) in Zero Mode Waveguides (ZMWs) leads to a significant modification in PL intensity, blinking dynamics, and biexciton behavior. QDs in aluminum ZMWs (AlZMWs) exhibited a 15-fold increase in biexciton emission, indicating a preferential enhancement of the biexciton radiative decay rate as compared to the single exciton rate. The increase in biexciton behavior was accompanied by a decrease in blinking events due to a shortening in the dark state residence time. These results indicate that plasmon mediated enhanced decay rates of QDs in AlZMWs lead to substantial changes in the photophysical properties of single quantum dots, including an increase in biexciton behavior.

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Strategies for Overcoming the Single-Molecule Concentration Barrier

et al. 2023

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Fluorescence-based single-molecule approaches have helped revolutionize our understanding of chemical and biological mechanisms. Unfortunately, these methods are only suitable at low concentrations of fluorescent molecules so that single fluorescent species of interest can be successfully resolved beyond background signal. The application of these techniques has therefore been limited to high-affinity interactions despite most biological and chemical processes occurring at much higher reactant concentrations. Fortunately, recent methodological advances have demonstrated that this concentration barrier can indeed be broken, with techniques reaching concentrations as high as 1 mM. The goal of this Review is to discuss the challenges in performing single-molecule fluorescence techniques at high-concentration, offer applications in both biology and chemistry, and highlight the major milestones that shatter the concentration barrier. We also hope to inspire the widespread use of these techniques so we can begin exploring the new physical phenomena lying beyond this barrier.

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Mixed metal zero-mode guides (ZMWs) for tunable fluorescence enhancement

Abstract: Mixed metal ZMWs tune single molecule fluorescence enhancement.

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Gold Ion Beam Milled Gold Zero-Mode Waveguides

Gold Ion Beam Milled Gold Zero-Mode Waveguides

Photoluminescence Enhancement, Blinking Suppression, and Improved Biexciton Quantum Yield of Single Quantum Dots in Zero Mode Waveguides

Strategies for Overcoming the Single-Molecule Concentration Barrier

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