“…3,4 Specifically, membranes have been intensively studied for separating small gas molecules (e.g., He and H 2 ) from larger gas molecules (e.g., CH 4 , CO 2 and N 2 ). 5,6 Compared to traditional separation technologies (e.g., adsorption, absorption, and cryogenic separation), membrane separation has advantages of low operating costs, smaller footprint, and easy maintenance. 7 Over the past decades, many different membrane materials have been developed for gas separation, such as polymeric membranes, 4,8 inorganic membranes (e.g., ceramic mem-branes), 9 mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), 10 membrane contactors, 11 thermal-rearranged (TR) membranes, 12 and carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes.…”