Large-scale carbon fixation requires high-volume chemicals production from carbon dioxide. Dry reforming of methane could provide an economically feasible route if coke- and sintering-resistant catalysts were developed. Here, we report a molybdenum-doped nickel nanocatalyst that is stabilized at the edges of a single-crystalline magnesium oxide (MgO) support and show quantitative production of synthesis gas from dry reforming of methane. The catalyst runs more than 850 hours of continuous operation under 60 liters per unit mass of catalyst per hour reactive gas flow with no detectable coking. Synchrotron studies also show no sintering and reveal that during activation, 2.9 nanometers as synthesized crystallites move to combine into stable 17-nanometer grains at the edges of MgO crystals above the Tammann temperature. Our findings enable an industrially and economically viable path for carbon reclamation, and the “Nanocatalysts On Single Crystal Edges” technique could lead to stable catalyst designs for many challenging reactions.

The MOF dptz-CuTiF 6 offers excellent volumetric and gravimetric CO 2 uptake at 10% CO 2 and 298 K, superior to the reference, aqueous amine, with a significantly lower energy input for regeneration. The fluorinated MOF can be regarded as a potential candidate for energy-efficient CO 2 capture from flue gas. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies provided valuable molecular insights on the excellent CO 2 adsorption performance of the MOF adsorbent.

Transformation of carbon dioxide into various chemicals including methanol is a top priority field of study owing to the association of CO2 with global warming. There is a need for renewable and sustainable energy sources and replacement of fossil fuel with a fuel having comparable energy density. Electrochemical reduction is a unique approach to convert CO2 to methanol by employing alternative energy sources where electrocatalyst plays a crucial role. A lot of effort is made to understand and increase the efficiency of electrocatalysts. Unadulterated metals, metal oxide, composite materials, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are employed for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to methanol. However, MOFs engrossed the enormous consideration due to simplicity, higher surface area, and unique structural features. In recent years, MOFs and their derivatives find significant applications in the electrocatalysis of oxygen and hydrogen evolution, oxygen, hydrogen, and CO2 reduction. The primary emphasis of the current review is the electroreduction of CO2 to methanol by coalescing the vantages of non-MOFs, MOFs, and their composite materials. The challenges to achieve electrocatalyst with higher efficiency and better selectivity for the electroreduction of CO2 are analyzed. Several research directions are proposed for MOF electrocatalysts to enhance the catalytic efficiency in methanol production. This review substantiates the efforts to develop new MOFs with superior efficiency, chemical stability, and conductivity.

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The development of practical solutions for the energy-efficient capture of carbon dioxide is of prime importance and continues to attract intensive research interest. Conceivably, the implementation of adsorption-based processes using different cycling modes, e.g., pressure-swing adsorption or temperature-swing adsorption, offers great prospects to address this challenge. Practically, the successful deployment of practical adsorption-based technologies depends on the development of made-to-order adsorbents expressing mutually two compulsory requisites: i) high selectivity/affinity for CO and ii) excellent chemical stability in the presence of impurities. This study presents a new comprehensive experimental protocol apposite for assessing the prospects of a given physical adsorbent for carbon capture under flue gas stream conditions. The protocol permits: i) the baseline performance of commercial adsorbents such as zeolite 13X, activated carbon versus liquid amine scrubbing to be ascertained, and ii) a standardized evaluation of the best reported metal-organic framework (MOF) materials for carbon dioxide capture from flue gas to be undertaken. This extensive study corroborates the exceptional CO capture performance of the recently isolated second-generation fluorinated MOF material, NbOFFIVE-1-Ni, concomitant with an impressive chemical stability and a low energy for regeneration. Essentially, the NbOFFIVE-1-Ni adsorbent presents the best compromise by satisfying all the required metrics for efficient CO scrubbing.

Molten ionic oxides based on sodium borate and mixed alkali-metal borates show remarkably fast sorption kinetics and intrinsic regenerability as liquid absorbents for CO2 capture at medium to high temperatures

Summary The increased level of emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to burning of fossil fuels represents one of the main barriers toward the reduction of greenhouse gases and the control of global warming. In the last decades, the use of renewable and clean sources of energies such as solar and wind energies has been increased extensively. However, due to the tremendously increasing world energy demand, fossil fuels would continue in use for decades which necessitates the integration of carbon capture technologies (CCTs) in power plants. These technologies include oxycombustion, pre‐combustion, and post‐combustion carbon capture. Oxycombustion technology is one of the most promising carbon capture technologies as it can be applied with slight modifications to existing power plants or to new power plants. In this technology, fuel is burned using an oxidizer mixture of pure oxygen plus recycled exhaust gases (consists mainly of CO2). The oxycombustion process results in highly CO2‐concentrated exhaust gases, which facilitates the capture process of CO2 after H2O condensation. The captured CO2 can be used for industrial applications or can be sequestrated. The current work reviews the current status of oxycombustion technology and its applications in existing conventional combustion systems (including gas turbines and boilers) and novel oxygen transport reactors (OTRs). The review starts with an introduction to the available CCTs with emphasis on their different applications and limitations of use, followed by a review on oxycombustion applications in different combustion systems utilizing gaseous, liquid, and coal fuels. The current status and technology readiness level of oxycombustion technology is discussed. The novel application of oxycombustion technology in OTRs is analyzed in some details. The analyses of OTRs include oxygen permeation technique, fabrication of oxygen transport membranes (OTMs), calculation of oxygen permeation flux, and coupling between oxygen separation and oxycombustion of fuel within the same unit called OTR. The oxycombustion process inside OTR is analyzed considering coal and gaseous fuels. The future trends of oxycombustion technology are itemized and discussed in details in the present study including: (i) ITMs for syngas production; (ii) combustion utilizing liquid fuels in OTRs; (iii) oxy‐combustion integrated power plants and (iv) third generation technologies for CO2 capture. Techno‐economic analysis of oxycombustion integrated systems is also discussed trying to assess the future prospects of this technology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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