Mixed convection hybrid nanofluids flow of MWCNTs–Al₂O₃/engine oil over a spinning cone with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity

Abstract

This work analyzed the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity, with mixed convection, thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects, on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–aluminum oxide (Al2O3)/engine oil hybrid nanofluid flow due to a vertically inverted spinning cone embedded in a porous medium. Using suitable similarity transformation, the boundary layer fluid flow governing equations are transformed into dimensionless systems of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Then, the solutions are obtained numerically employing the spectral relaxation method. The influences of involved parameters are examined, and the results are presented with graphs and tables. The obtained results disclose that both the tangential and azimuthal skin friction coefficients increase with increasing values of temperature‐dependent viscosity and mixed convection parameters. The local heat transfer rate reduces with increasing values of the Eckert number and variable thermal conductivity parameter, whereas it enhances with greater values of the thermal radiation parameter. Generally, hybrid nanofluids of (MWCNTs–Al2O3)/engine oil show better flow distributions with good stability of thermal properties than MWCNTs/engine oil and Al2O3/engine oil mono‐nanofluids.

Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Micropolar Nanofluid Flow due to Radially Stretchable Rotating Disk Employing Spectral Method

“…[9] observed the flow of the Maxwell nanofluid overstretching permeable rotating disk, whereas the flow of mixed convection viscoelastic hybrid nanofluid past a rotating disk was examined by [10]. Some of the latest significant works on fluid flow past a rotating disk are also found in [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Numerical and Thermal Investigation of Magneto-Hydrodynamic Hybrid Nanoparticles (SWCNT-Ag) under Rosseland Radiation: A Prescribed Wall Temperature Case

“…Yang et al [ 29 ] presented an updated review on the applications of hybrid nanofluids, their properties, their fabrication, and their environmental effects. Tulu and Ibrahim [ 30 ] discussed the use of hybrid nanofluids over a spinning cone with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. Chirstov et al [ 31 ] provided a broad review on soft hydraulics for compliant conduits from Newtonian to complex fluid flows.…”

Investigation of 3D flow of magnetized hybrid nanofluid with heat source/sink over a stretching sheet

“…By switching to a hybrid nanofluid, Liu et al 26 enhanced the heat transmission of the engine oil. Tulu and Ibrahim 27 investigated the flow of MWCNTs–Al 2 O 3 /engine oil in a mixed convection hybrid nanofluid over a rotating cone with variable viscous dissipation.…”