Mix and match COVID-19 vaccines: potential benefit and perspective from India

Kunal, Shekhar; Sakthivel, Pirabu; Gupta, Nitesh; Ish, Pranav

doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140648

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Globally, severe logistical challenges have been experienced in the rapid, and global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, especially in LMICs ( 5 ). These have resulted in the utilization of multiple types of COVID-19 vaccines since these vaccines induce immunity against SARS-CoV-2 via several approaches (RNA-based vaccines, subunit vaccines, inactivated virus, and virtual vector-based vaccines) ( 13 ). However, most of these vaccines require a second homologous booster dose.…”

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These challenges centered around Nigeria's need to reduce the cost associated with vaccination, increasing vaccination acceptance, and the fluctuating supplies of vaccines. Furthermore, additional complexities due to differences in shelf life and storage conditions are associated with heterologous vaccines (different vaccine types) ( 13 ).…”

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary data from concluded and ongoing mix and match COVID-19 vaccination approach ( 13 ) showed that the strategy could enhance host immunity by preventing the development of viral immunity against a type of vaccine ( 13 ). In addition, the strategy will ensure that more people are vaccinated across the world and might be the magic wand needed to reduce the global inequalities in vaccine availability ( 13 ). Deming and Lyke ( 15 ) reported that the mix and match vaccination strategy improved the neutralization of variants ( 16 ) and the induction of spike protein-specific CD8+ T cells beyond what was achieved via homologous vaccinations ( 17 ).…”

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Barros-Martins et al ( 16 ) and Schmidt et al ( 17 ) believed that the heterologous combination of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine as primer dose and Pfizer–BioNTech Vaccine as booster dose resulted in 20 to >60-fold greater titers of neutralizing antibodies (IgG and IgA) against the alpha, beta, or gamma variants of the SARS-CoV-2. However, we believe that antibody and T-cell measurements in these studies do not correspond to real-life protection against the SARS-CoV-2 as these studies were only designed to assess the elicited immune responses after mixing vaccines ( 13 ).…”

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Mix and Match Approach to COVID-19 Vaccinations: Does Nigeria Have a Choice?

Al-Mustapha

Oyewo

Olugbon

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mix- and Match Approach To Covid-19 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Mix and Match Approach to COVID-19 Vaccinations: Does Nigeria Have a Choice?

Al-Mustapha

Oyewo

Olugbon

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Revival of the heterologous prime‐boost technique in COVID‐19: An outlook from the history of outbreaks

Siddiqui

Adnan

Abbas

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background The heterologous prime‐boost vaccination technique is not novel as it has a history of deployment in previous outbreaks. Aim Hence, this narrative review aims to provide critical insight for reviving the heterologous prime‐boost immunization strategy for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination relative to a brief positive outlook on the mix‐dose approach deployed in previous and existing outbreaks (ie, Ebola virus disease (EVD), malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV and influenza virus). Methodology and Materials A Boolean search was carried out to find the literature in MEDLINE‐PubMed, Clinicaltrials, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up till December 22, 2021, using the specific keywords that include “SARS‐CoV2”, “COVID‐19”, “Ebola,” “Malaria,” “Tuberculosis,” “Human Immunodeficiency Virus,” “Hepatitis B,” “Influenza,” “Mix and match,” “Heterologous prime‐boost,” with interposition of “OR” and “AND.” Full text of all the related articles in English language with supplementary appendix was retrieved. In addition, the full text of relevant cross‐references was also retrieved. Results Therefore, as generally evident by the primary outcomes, that is, safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity reported and updated by preclinical and clinical studies for addressing previous and existing outbreaks so far, including COVID‐19, it is understood that heterologous prime‐boost immunization has been proven successful for eliciting a more efficacious immune response as of yet in comparison to the traditional homologous prime‐boost immunization regimen. Discussion Accordingly, with increasing cases of COVID‐19, many countries such as Germany, Pakistan, Canada, Thailand, and the United Kingdom have started administering the heterologous vaccination as the technique aids to rationalize the usage of the available vaccines to aid in the global race to vaccinate majority to curb the spread of COVID‐19 efficiently. However, the article emphasizes the need for more large controlled trials considering demographic details of vaccine recipients, which would play an essential role in clearing the mistrust about safety concerns to pace up the acceptance of the technique across the globe. Conclusion Consequently, by combatting the back‐to‐back waves of COVID‐19 and other challenging variants of concerns, including Omicron, the discussed approach can also help in addressing the expected evolution of priority outbreaks as coined by WHO, that is, “Disease X” in 2018 with competency, which according to WHO can turn into the “next pandemic” or the “next public health emergency,” thus would eventually lead to eradicating the risk of “population crisis.”

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