Mitomycin C induction of a temperate phage in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

Yamamoto, Tomoka; Chow, C. T.

doi:10.1139/m68-111

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…As expected, these findings demonstrate that both CIP and MMC can induce an SOS-like response in B. thailandensis. However, the number of SOS-regulated genes that are induced or repressed by CIP and MMC in B. thailandensis is not as high as what has been reported for E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., and S. aureus (7,8,23,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). For example, in S. aureus, CIP induces the expression of numerous protein-encoding genes involved in DNA metabolism, including lexA and recA, in addition to uvrA, uvrB, parE, parC, recF, gyrA, and gyrB (29).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Burkholderia thailandensis SOS Response by Using Whole-Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing

Ulrich

DeShazer

Kenny

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The bacterial SOS response is a well-characterized regulatory network encoded by most prokaryotic bacterial species and is involved in DNA repair. In addition to nucleic acid repair, the SOS response is involved in pathogenicity, stress-induced mutagenesis, and the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Using high-throughput sequencing technology (SOLiD RNASeq), we analyzed the Burkholderia thailandensis global SOS response to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP), and the DNA-damaging chemical, mitomycin C (MMC). We demonstrate that a B. thailandensis recA mutant (RU0643) is ϳ4-fold more sensitive to CIP in contrast to the parental strain B. thailandensis DW503. Our RNA-Seq results show that CIP and MMC treatment (P < 0.01) resulted in the differential expression of 344 genes in B. thailandensis and 210 genes in RU0643. Several genes associated with the SOS response were induced and include lexA, uvrA, dnaE, dinB, recX, and recA. At the genomewide level, we found an overall decrease in gene expression, especially for genes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism, following both CIP and MMC exposure. Interestingly, we observed the upregulation of several genes involved in bacterial motility and enhanced transcription of a B. thailandensis genomic island encoding a Siphoviridae bacteriophage designated E264. Using B. thailandensis plaque assays and PCR with B. mallei ATCC 23344 as the host, we demonstrate that CIP and MMC exposure in B. thailandensis DW503 induces the transcription and translation of viable bacteriophage in a RecA-dependent manner. This is the first report of the SOS response in Burkholderia spp. to DNA-damaging agents. We have identified both common and unique adaptive responses of B. thailandensis to chemical stress and DNA damage. Burkholderia thailandensis is a Gram-negative motile rod commonly found in stagnant waters, soils, and rice paddies in the central and northeastern areas of Thailand (1). B. thailandensis is genetically and physiologically similar to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis (1-3). In fact, extensive chromosomal similarities exist between B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei, with the exception of various virulence genes that are encoded by B. pseudomallei and absent in B. thailandensis (4). The most notable difference between B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei is the ability to cause disease in animals and humans. Brett et al. reported a 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ) of Ͻ10 CFU for B. pseudomallei in a hamster model in contrast to an LD 50 of Ͼ10 6 CFU for B. thailandensis (1). Likewise, the LD 50 in BALB/c mice for B. thailandensis is Ͼ10 9 CFU compared in contrast to an ϳLD 50 of 182 CFU for B. pseudomallei (5, 6).Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria respond to environmental stresses that lead to DNA damage by the induction of the bacterial SOS response (7-9). The SOS response involves upregulation of a number of genes that are important for DNA repair and the regulation of cell divisi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been well documented in the literature that DNA damage and induction of the SOS response correlates with the lytic bacteriophage cycle (26,(40)(41)(42)(43). B. thailandensis E264 encodes three prophage-like islands designated PI E264-1, PI E264-2, and PI E264-3 (44).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Burkholderia thailandensis SOS Response by Using Whole-Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing

Ulrich

DeShazer

Kenny

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Details about the generation of the strains, the cultivation and the conditions during biosensing are given in the Supporting Information. For the development and testing of the cell‐based biosensor, Mitomycin C (Otsuji et al ., 1959; Yamamoto and Chow, 1968) was selected as an example for an organic inducer, whereas Cis‐platinum ((SP‐4‐2)‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II)) and hexavalent chromium (chromate) served as examples for inorganic inducers. All test substances are well‐known prophage‐activating chemicals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast and reliable method for monitoring of prophage‐activating chemicals

Kiesel

Kallies

et al. 2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryBacteriophages, that is viruses that infect bacteria, either lyse bacteria directly or integrate their genome into the bacterial genome as so‐called prophages, where they remain at a silent state. Both phages and bacteria are able to survive in this state. However, prophages can be reactivated with the introduction of chemicals, followed by the release of a high number of phage particles, which could infect other bacteria, thus harming ecosystems by a viral bloom. The basics for a fast, automatable analytical method for the detection of prophage‐activating chemicals are developed and successfully tested here. The method exploits the differences in metabolic heat produced by Escherichia coli with (λ+) and without the lambda prophages (λ−). Since the metabolic heat primarily reflects opposing effects (i.e. the reduction of heat‐producing cells by lysis and enhanced heat production to deliver the energetic costs for the synthesis of phages), a systematic analysis of the influence of the different conditions (experimentally and in silico) was performed and revealed anoxic conditions to be best suited. The main advantages of the suggested monitoring method are not only the possibility of obtaining fast results (after only few hours), but also the option for automation, the low workload (requires only few minutes) and the suitability of using commercially available instruments. The future challenge following this proof of principle is the development of thermal transducers which allow for the electronic subtraction of the λ+ from the λ‐ signal.

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“…Korsten et al (1979) have remarked on the amazing similarity of structure and intracellular replication strategy between virulent members of this viral group isolated against a variety of phylogenetically unrelated bacteria. There has been only one report in the scientific literature on the isolation and characterization of temperate members of the Podoviridae infectious for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Yamamoto and Chow 1968;H.-W. Ackermann, personal communication). Enrich-'Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage with a very limited host range

Bigby

Kropinski²

1989

Can. J. Microbiol.

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A Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage, phi PLS743, with extremely limited host range has been isolated. It belongs to the virus family Podoviridae, morphological type C1, and possesses a head diameter of 45 nm. The phage has a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.516 g/cm3, and its mass is 45 x 10(6) daltons. The phage particles are composed of double-stranded DNA (49.9 mol% G + C; 42.4 kilobase pairs) and 11 structural proteins (66% by weight). The major head protein, P5, has a Mr of 34,500. The DNA is not cut by SalI or XhoI restriction endonucleases, but is cut by PvuII (1 site), KpnI and BglII (2 sites), PvuI (4 sites), BamHI (7 sites), EcoRI (9 sites), and HindIII (12 sites). A restriction endonuclease map is presented.

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Mitomycin C induction of a temperate phage in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of the Burkholderia thailandensis SOS Response by Using Whole-Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing

Characterization of the Burkholderia thailandensis SOS Response by Using Whole-Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing

A fast and reliable method for monitoring of prophage‐activating chemicals

Isolation and characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage with a very limited host range

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