Mitogenicity of the earthworm's (eisenia foetida) insulin-like proteins

Hrzenjak, M; Kobrehel, D; Levanat, Sonja; Jurin, Mislav; Hrženjak, Terezija

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(93)90204-i

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The biological activities of G‐90 might be because of the existence of some compounds in its content. There are several components attributed to G‐90 including insulin‐like growth factor, immunoglobulin‐like growth factor (Ig‐like), two serine peptidase of tyrosine code and EGF . Also, studies on the effect of growth factors demonstrated that the G‐90 can stimulate and increase EGF in less than 24 h after the injury occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the glycolipoprotein extract (G‐90) from earthworm Eisenia foetida on the wound healing process in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats

Goodarzi

Qujeq

Elmi

et al. 2016

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Diabetes is now regarded as a major public health problem. The number of patients is estimated to increase to over 439 million cases by 2030. One of the major health clinical problems in patients with diabetes patients is impaired wound healing. Diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication of diabetes mellitus in 12 to 25% of patients, which increases the risk of damage in the limbs or amputation. The earthworm Eisenia foetida glycolipoprotein (as known G-90) is a blend of macromolecules with some biological properties including mitogenicity, anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, bacteriostatic and antioxidatiaon. Given the biological properties of G-90, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of extract obtained from the homogenate of Eisenia foetida (G-90) on the wound healing process in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The results of the present study revealed that treatment by using G-90 can speed up the wound healing process, which is exactly similar to the effect of D-panthenol treatment in rats. These findings also demonstrated that G-90 treatment decreases the risk of infection in the wound site compared with D-panthenol treatment. In addition, histological analysis indicated that a better extracellular matrix formation with increased fibroblast proliferation, neovascularization, collagen synthesis and early epithelial layer formation was observed in G-90 treated group. Therefore, the G-90 could be considered as a new wound healing agent introducing promising therapeutic approaches in both human and veterinary medicine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the glycolipoprotein extract (G‐90) from earthworm Eisenia foetida on the wound healing process in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats

Goodarzi

Qujeq

Elmi

et al. 2016

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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“…It alters murine cell growth rate in vitro in serum in a dose dependent manner and slows murine tumor growth in vivo; G-90 does not contain mutagens or carcinogens. Later this same group separated G-90 into seven fractions by gel-filtration (18). Radioimmunoassays revealed that each of the fractions, except the lightest one, is cross-reactive with porcine antiinsulin antibodies.…”

Section: A Glycoliproprotein That Slows Murine Tumor Growth In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Sources of Fibrinolytic, Anticoagulative, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Molecules

Cooper

Hrženjak

Grdiša

2004

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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The medicinal properties of earthworms in various remedies date back to 1340 A.D. and have been extended to other countries and cultures. Assays of tissue homogenates of earthworm (Eisenia foetida) have revealed a glycolipoprotein mixture referred to as G-90 that is composed of macromolecules with medical and pharmaceutical applications. There are several functions attributed to G-90: possession of several growth factors that: stimulate proliferation in cell cultures, contain an insulin like growth factor (IGF like), an immunoglobulin like growth factor (IgFG-like), possess two serine peptidases with a tyrosine code and epidermal growth factor (EGF). In contrast, G-90 exerts strong fibrinolytic and anticoagulative activity capable of lysing fibrin clots. Actions of these two properties are dependent upon concentration. Anticoagulative activity also depends upon the kind of anticoagulants (G-90, PI, PII). G-90 can also act as antioxidant, exert antimicrobial activities in vitro and in vivo. The bacteriostatic effect is significantly greater for non-pathogenic species. Finally G-90 also participates in tissue regeneration and wound healing. Taken together, components of earthworms could be tested in certain clinical trials.

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“…The EGF and FGF stimulate proliferation of different type of cells. They provide the inducer signal, and even in early embryonic development, EGF and FGF are universal growth factors for induction of mitosis [18]. Also they have an important role in the process of wound healing [14,19,[20][21][22].…”

Section: Molecules With Proliferative Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their crucial function is in adhesion, and they act either as the receptors or the ligands. They are responsible for cell-cell connections, interaction over the intercellular matrix and are indispensable for the life of cells [18]. Bioactive molecules, which function as adhesions, were also found in G-90.…”

Section: Molecules Involved In Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, the reactive oxygen radicals are also released. Some of them are removed by lysosome-proteosome degradation or by ubiquitine-dependant proteolytic cleavage [18], but some of them cause damage to the cells. These types of damages are a major contributor to aging, and to the degenerative diseases such as: cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune-system decline, brain dysfunction, and cataracts.…”

Section: Molecules With Protective Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earthworms as a Source of Bioactive Molecules

Grdiša¹,

Mikecin²,

Hrzenjak

2009

CBC

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Searching for bioactive molecules from natural source represents an attractive strategy. Natural bioactive molecules form the backbone of modern therapeutics. For that reason the glycolipoprotein extract (G-90) from tissue homogenate of earthworm Eisenia foetida represents a valuable source of bioactive molecules. The molecules in this preparation exhibit many biological characteristics, useful in different biological processes. This extract showed interaction with biological materials from evolutionary more developed species, such as serums, erythrocytes, normal and transformed cells in culture from different origin. The numerous biological activities in vitro and in vivo, such as mitogenicity, anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, bacteriostasis, antioxidation, were detected in G-90. In therapeutic concentrations G-90 was not toxic, allergenic, mutagen or carcinogen. G-90 protected cells in culture from oxidative damage, caused by hydrogen peroxide. It is capable to stimulate the cellular immune system. As fibrinolytic and anticoagulative agent it can participate in active maintenance of homeostasis. G-90 has the ability to stimulate the synthesis of growth factors and helps in tissue regeneration. It stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, as well as their differentiation. Accordingly, G-90 is a valuable mixture of bioactive molecules from natural source, which could be very useful in human and veterinary medicine.

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Mitogenicity of the earthworm's (eisenia foetida) insulin-like proteins

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of the glycolipoprotein extract (G‐90) from earthworm Eisenia foetida on the wound healing process in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats

The effect of the glycolipoprotein extract (G‐90) from earthworm Eisenia foetida on the wound healing process in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats

Alternative Sources of Fibrinolytic, Anticoagulative, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Molecules

Earthworms as a Source of Bioactive Molecules

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