Mitochondrial DNA diversity of Anatolian indigenous domestic goats

Abstract

Anatolia has been an important region for civilizations and agricultural revolution as a major domestication centre for livestock species. Goats (Capra hircus) were among the earliest domesticated animals in this region. In this study, genetic diversity of Anatolian goat breeds was characterized by comparison of mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1. A total of 295 individuals, including 99 Anatolian Black goats, 96 Angora goats and 100 Kilis goats, were used. Haplogroup A was found to be the dominant haplogroup in all three breeds. The highest haplogroup diversity, including haplogroups A, B2, C and G, was observed in the Anatolian Black breed. Haplogroup D was only observed in Kilis and Angora goats. Haplogroup G was found in Angora and Anatolian Black breeds. The Anatolian goat breeds had high genetic diversity values and a weak phylogeographical structure. The nucleotide diversity values were found to be higher than those in previously studied goat breeds. The fact that Anatolia is a domestication centre and its geographical position as a junction of trade routes may have caused the higher genetic diversity of Anatolian goat breeds.

Mitochondrial DNA variation and phylogeography of native Mongolian goats

“…This weak structure was also evidenced by limited genetic differentiations (mean pairwise Fst = 0.0168). Our results were consistent with previous studies [6,38,42]. The traditional nomadic culture of Mongolia may have contributed to this weak geographical structure and limited genetic differentiations among MG populations.…”

“…This highly polymorphic region (indeed, the complete D-loop) has been routinely used in previous studies that examined genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and especially the maternal origin of most domesticated animals, including goats [14,[33][34][35][36][37]. Similar to previous results [17,38,39], goats from Mongolia investigated in this study showed high mtDNA diversity. The assessed overall Hd and Pi of MG were 0.997 and 0.0283, respectively ( Table 1).…”

“…Our results also indicated that Hd in Mongolian goats were slightly higher (not significant) than that found in goat breeds from Africa, Egypt, and south Asia, but significantly higher than in Chinese and European breeds (Supplementary Figure S2A) [17,38,39]. Whereas, Pi values obtained from this study were significantly higher than that found in other regions including domestication center (except Chinese and southern Asian breeds) (Supplementary Figure S2B) [17,38,39]. The high level of mtDNA diversity in the world's goat populations was previously explained by multiple maternal effects of wild ancestors [5,6].…”

“…Turkish goat and Baladi breed from Jordan) and MG populations (n = 12), this value was lower than that found in comparisons of Chinese (n = 5) versus MG populations (0.128), as well as southern Asia (n = 4, mean Fst = 0.275) ( Supplementary Table S5). These close relationships among goats from different regions likely resulted from a weak phylogeographic structure of domestic goats, which is likely explained by a high rate of gene flow among populations, even between continents [38].…”

Phylogenetical Relationships between Kejobong Goat and Other Goats Based on Mt-DNA D-loop Sequence Analysis

“…In recent years, studies on characterizing genetic diversity in goat breeds from some different countries and regions have been conducted by researchers. Among the studies are such as in Chinese goat (Wang et al, 2008), Sardinian goat (Piras et al, 2012), Arabian goat (Al-Araimi et al, 2017), East Asian goat (Lin et al, 2013), Moroccan goat (Benjelloun et al, 2011), Egyptian goat (Othman & Mahfouz, 2016;Ahmed et al, 2017), African goat Githui et al, 2016;Awotunde et al, 2015;Royo et al, 2009), American goat (Amills et al, 2009), Anatolian goat (Akis et al, 2014), Pakistani goat (Naqvi et al, 2017), and genetic diversity information in animal farm has been reviewed recently by Groeneveld et al (2010).…”