“…For example, the origin and relationships among Hebao carp (HB), Xingguo Red carp (XG), Songpu carp (SP), Oujiang color carp (OUJ), and Koi carp (KOI) are controversial (Balon, 1995; Froufe et al, 2002; Wang and Li, 2004a; Wang and Li, 2004b). The previous studies indicated different phylogeny patterns using both nuclear genome (Xu et al, 2014) and mitochondrial genome sequence (Dong et al, 2015; Liu et al, 2019); however, due to limited number of samples, these results were not so solid for validation. Also, the genomic basis of local adaptation shaped by natural selection is still largely unknown.…”