Genetic variability of the initial herd of the intra-breed type of the Sarboyan carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) breed based on a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene of mitochondrial DNA

Abstract

In the modern study of evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of fish, the mitochondrial genome is used because of its small size and high mutation rate compared to the nuclear genome. mtDNA research helps to identify geographical and genetic patterns, as well as the origin of species, breeds and varieties. In this work, the genetic diversity of the herd of the northern type Sarboyan carp was studied using the COX1 fragment of mitochondrial DNA, and phylogenetic relationships between modern breeds, subspecies and species of the genus Cyprinus were analyzed. The analyzed haplotypes of Sarboyan carp bred in the Moshkovsky district on the farm of ECO-PARK LLC revealed relatively low indicators of genetic polymorphism. Phylogenetic analysis conducted on the basis of its own haplotypes and haplotypes taken from the NCBI international database suggests that the Sarboyan carp is a deeply hybrid grouping, which confirms the known data on the origin of this breed. The study of the median haplotype network showed that the haplotypes of carp and wild carp form related haplogroups through one common haplotype. The Sarboyan carp is represented by three haplotypes, 75% of which belong to the star-shaped structure (H1), and the remaining 25% are represented by various breeds of carp and carp from both Eurasia and North America.