Mitochondrial DNA Intraspecific Variability in<i>Sergentomyia minuta</i>(Diptera: Psychodidae)

Depaquit, Jérôme; Hadj-Henni, Leila; Bounamous, Azzedine; Strutz, Stavana E.; Boussaa, Samia; Morillas‐Márquez, F.; Pesson, B.; Gállego, Montserrat; Delécolle, Jean-Claude; Alves-Pires, C.; Capela, Rúben A.; Couloux, Arnaud; Léger, N.

doi:10.1093/jme/tjv075

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Deep mitochondrial intraspecific variation in S. minuta has been recently reported. Analysis of concatenated mtDNA cytb - cox 1 sequences of S. minuta from across Europe and North Africa determined four distinct lineages, irrespective of their geographical origins [76]. Conversely, S. minuta specimens from Crete, Cyprus and mainland Greece clustered in three distinct lineages by locality [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the species composition and distribution of Turkish sand flies using DNA barcodes

et al. 2019

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Background Currently, knowledge regarding the phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of Turkey is restricted to regions with endemic leishmaniasis. However, rapidly changing environmental and social conditions highlight concerns on the possible future expansion of sand fly-borne diseases in Turkey, promoting risk assessment through biosurveillance activities in non-endemic regions. Traditional morphological approaches are complicated by extensive cryptic speciation in sand flies, thus integrated studies utilizing DNA markers are becoming increasingly important for correct sand fly identification. This study contributes to the knowledge of the sand fly fauna in understudied regions of Turkey, and provides an extensive DNA barcode reference library of expertly identified Turkish sand fly species for the first time. Methods Fly sampling was conducted at 101 locations from 29 provinces, covering all three biogeographical regions of Turkey. Specimens were morphologically identified using available keys. Cytochrome c oxidase I ( cox 1) barcode sequences were analyzed both for morphologically distinct species and those specimens with cryptic identity. A taxon identity tree was obtained using Neighbor Joining (NJ) analysis. Species boundaries among closely related taxa evaluated using ABGD, Maximum Likelihood (ML) and haplotype network analyses. Sand fly richness of all three biogeographical regions were compared using nonparametric species richness estimators. Results A total of 729 barcode sequences (including representatives of all previously reported subgenera) were obtained from a total of 9642 sand fly specimens collected in Turkey. Specimens belonging to the same species or species complex clustered together in the NJ tree, regardless of their geographical origin. The species delimitation methods revealed the existence of 33 MOTUs, increasing the previously reported 28 recorded sand fly species by 17.8%. The richest sand fly diversity was determined in Anatolia, followed by the Mediterranean, and then the Black Sea regions of the country. Conclusions A comprehensive cox 1 reference library is provided for the sand fly species of Turkey, including the proposed novel taxa discovered herein. Our results have epidemiological significance exposing extensive distributions of proven and suspected sand fly vectors in Turkey, including those areas currently regarded as non-endemic for sand fly-borne disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3669-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the species composition and distribution of Turkish sand flies using DNA barcodes

et al. 2019

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“…Sergentomyia minuta and S. dentata are known to be present in mainland Greece [ 7 , 44 ] as well as in the islands of Crete [ 6 – 8 ] and Cyprus [ 14 , 18 ]. Sergentomyia minuta has a doubtful taxonomic status and a quite unique intraspecific variability [ 19 ] which should be evaluated together with its possible vectorial capacity. All Sergentomyia samples sequenced in this work clustered by genus, species and locality, respectively, confirming previous studies [ 28 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded that S. dubia and S. schwetzi are the possible vectors of the parasite in the studied area [ 67 ] based on accepted vectorial criteria [ 68 ]. As a result, it appears that Sergentomyia needs to be studied more thoroughly since there are more taxonomic and vectorial capacity questions requiring answers [ 19 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand flies of the genus Sergentomyia are present throughout Greece [ 17 ] and Cyprus [ 14 , 18 ]. Sergentomyia ( Sergentomyia ) minuta is the predominant species found in the Mediterranean having a doubtful taxonomic status presenting high levels of intraspecific diversity correlated with geographical distribution [ 19 ]. Genus Sergentomyia is not deeply studied for its implication in the transmission of Leishmania but its species appear capable of feeding on rodents [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of wild-caught phlebotomine sand flies from Crete and Cyprus using DNA barcoding

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPhlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of Leishmania spp., protozoan parasites responsible for a group of neglected diseases called leishmaniases. Two sand fly genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, contain species that are present in the Mediterranean islands of Crete and Cyprus where the visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL) and canine (CanLei) leishmaniases are a public health concern. The risk of transmission of different Leishmania species can be studied in an area by monitoring their vectors. Sand fly species are traditionally identified using morphological characteristics but minute differences between individuals or populations could be overlooked leading to wrong epidemiological predictions. Molecular identification of these important vectors has become, therefore, an essential tool for research tasks concerning their geographical distribution which directly relates to leishmaniasis control efforts. DNA barcoding is a widely used molecular identification method for cataloguing animal species by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I.ResultsDNA barcoding was used to identify individuals of five sand fly species (Phlebotomus papatasi, P. similis, P. killicki, Sergentomyia minuta, S. dentata) circulating in the islands of Crete and Cyprus during the years 2011–2014. Phlebotomus papatasi is a known vector of zoonotic CL in the Middle East and it is found in both islands. Phlebotomus similis is the suspected vector of Leishmania tropica in Greece causing anthroponotic CL. Phlebotomus killicki was collected in Cyprus for the first time. Sergentomyia minuta, found to present intraspecific diversity, is discussed for its potential as a Leishmania vector. Molecular identification was consistent with the morphological identification. It successfully identified males and females, which is difficult when using only morphological characters. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the barcodes acquired, representing their genetic relationships along with other species from the area studied. All individuals identified were clustered according to their species and subgenus.ConclusionsMolecular identification of sand flies via DNA barcoding can accurately identify these medically important insects assisting traditional morphological tools, thus helping to assess their implication in Leishmania transmission.

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“…DNA barcoding unambiguously assigned the examined samples to species for which DNA barcodes were already available in the GenBank database i.e. P. perfiliewi (KJ481175, Bounamous et al 2014), P. tobbi (KT634317, Giantsis et al 2016) and S. minuta (KP828566, Depaquit et al 2015), with 96%, 99% and 99% similarity respectively. There was no barcode sequence corresponding to P. simici and S. dentata in Genbank or BOLD, thus, the COI sequences that we deposited (Genbank accession numbers KU519497-KU519501 and KU519509), represent the first species-specific DNA barcodes for P. simici and S. dentata, respectively.…”

Section: Sand Fly Species Identification Relative Abundance and Activmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species composition, activity patterns and blood meal analysis of sand fly populations (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the metropolitan region of Thessaloniki, an endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis.

et al. 2016

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Species composition, activity patterns and blood meal analysis of sand fly populations were investigated in the metropolitan region of Thessaloniki, North Greece from May to October 2011. Sampling was conducted weekly in 3 different environments (animal facilities, open fields, residential areas) along the outskirts of the city in areas of increased canine leishmania transmission. Six sand fly species (Phlebotomus perfiliewi, Phlebotomus tobbi, Phlebotomus simici, Plebotomus papatasi, Sergentomya minuta and Sergentomya dentata) were identified using both classical and molecular techniques. DNA barcodes were characterized for the first time for two (P. simici and S. dentata) of the six recorded species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the COI gene sequences confirmed the grouping of P. tobbi, P. perniciosus and P. perfiliewi (subgenus Larrousius) and the monophyly of P. simici (subgenus Adlerius). By far the most prevalent species was P. perfiliewi, followed by P. simici and P. tobbi. The largest populations of sand flies were collected from animal facilities, followed by residential areas and open agricultural fields. Peak activity of sand flies overall occurred mid-August to mid-September and then declined sharply in October. Blood meal analysis showed that P. perfiliewi and P. simici feed preferentially on humans (88% & 95%, respectively) but also feed on chickens and goats. When designing a control strategy to alleviate sand fly nuisance in the region of Thessaloniki the following conclusions can be reached from this study: a) August and September are high risk months due to increased sand fly activity levels, b) animal facilities within or adjacent to urban settlements are high risk areas and may act as a maintenance and amplification foci for the vector as well as the parasite, and c) the abundance, ubiquity and feeding behavior of P. perfiliewi and P. simici establishes them as potentially important vectors of Leishmania in the region.

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Mitochondrial DNA Intraspecific Variability inSergentomyia minuta(Diptera: Psychodidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Revision of the species composition and distribution of Turkish sand flies using DNA barcodes

Revision of the species composition and distribution of Turkish sand flies using DNA barcodes

Identification of wild-caught phlebotomine sand flies from Crete and Cyprus using DNA barcoding

Species composition, activity patterns and blood meal analysis of sand fly populations (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the metropolitan region of Thessaloniki, an endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis.

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