Mitochondrial DNA diversity of ChineseApis cerana

Abstract

-DNA sequence diversity in a non-coding portion of the mitochondrial genome was investigated in samples of Apis cerana from 47 locations in China. Nine haplotypes (mitochondrial genotypes) were found: Japan1, Japan2, Korea4, and Cambodia2, which were previously reported from other populations, and China1−5, which are new. All nine sequences belong to the Mainland mitochondrial lineage, and none differs from the Japan1 haplotype by more than a single base substitution and/or a single insertion/deletion. Japan1 is the most common haplotype, making up 39 of 49 sequences. Haplotype diversity was 0.4 (s.d. 0.089) and nucleotide diversity was 0.00569 (s.d. 0.00154). By both measures the Chinese samples were more diverse than those from Japan and Thailand, similar to populations from Pakistan, Burma and Korea, and less diverse than samples from Indochina (Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam).mitochondrial DNA / Apis cerana / China / phylogeography

Haplotype diversity and genetic similarity among populations of the Eastern honey bee from Himalaya-Southwest China and Nepal (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

“…The purpose of this study is to evaluate the regional-scale genetic structure of Eastern honey bee populations from across the Himalayan region, southwestern China, and Nepal using those mtDNA markers employed in previous studies (Cornuet et al 1991;Garnery et al 1992;Nikolenko and Poskryakov 2002;Tan et al 2007). In addition, the data were used to detect whether or not there exists distinct genetic divisions within the region and to what extent there may be significant retrogression resulting from introductions by apiculturists.…”

Mitochondrial DNA variations in Korean Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and development of another potential marker

“…The genetic diversity of the Korean samples was compared to that of samples from other countries reported previously (Smith et al 2000(Smith et al , 2004Warrit et al 2006;Tan et al 2007;Takahashi et al 2007). The frequency and distribution of the NC2 haplotypes from previous studies are presented in Online Resource 1.…”

“…Furthermore, including the new haplotypes increased maximum sequence divergence from 2.062 % (two positions) to 3.093% (three positions) in Korean A. cerana . The extended A. cerana sampling in China was also fruitful in that four new haplotypes specific to China (China6, China7, China8, and China9) were added to the preexisting eight haplotypes (Tan et al 2007). IndiaB4, which was found previously only in India (Smith and Hagen 1996) was also found in a Chinese (locality 10) and a Thailand locality (locality 16).…”

“…Although these markers possess appropriate merits (e.g., Hajibabaei et al 2007;Cha et al 2007;Oh et al 2009), their variability in A. cerana was insufficient to uncover hidden diversity. In contrast, A. cerana NC2-based biogeographic and genetic diversity studies show the utility of NC2 for illustrating A. cerana biogeographic history and diversity (Smith et al 2000;Tan et al 2007).…”

“…The Asian cavity-nesting honey bee, Apis cerana , has been the subject of genetic variation and biogeographic studies in most of its temperate and tropical Asia distributional range (Deowanish et al 1996;Smith and Hagen 1996;Sihanuntavong et al 1999;De la Rúa et al 2000;Smith et al 2000Smith et al , 2004Tan et al 2007;Takahashi et al 2007). However, South Korean populations require additional investigation to reinforce previous findings obtained from a limited sampling (Smith and Hagen 1996;Smith et al 2000;Takahashi et al 2007).…”