Mitochondrial Biogenesis Induced by Exercise and Nutrients: Implication for Performance and Health Benefits

Abstract

The skeletal muscle occupies about 40% of body mass, one of the largest organs in the body, and it has great plasticity in response to physiological stressors and then alters the contractile and metabolic properties of the muscles. Therefore, healthy status of muscle affects health status of whole body. Mitochondria are abundantly present in mammalian muscle cells, known as the power plants of the cell to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with oxygen. The muscle health depends on the mitochondrial function. In aging and some of metabolic disease states, the mitochondrial function is defected. Some parts of this defect result from lower physical activity and nutritional status. The exercise is well-known as a major strategy to induce mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulation of the mitochondrial function. Recently some nutrients are also suggested as ligands for transcription of the mitochondrial proteins. We also recently found insight of protein interaction with mitochondria that will possibly augment mitochondrial respiratory potential. The present review article introduces some recent research evidences relating to mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial biogenesis mediated by both exercise and nutrients and an interaction of protein with mitochondria to facilitate mitochondrial respiration.

Hypocholesterolemic Activity of Kedawung (Parkia roxburghii)

“…Polyphenol in kedawung acts as an antioxidant that is beneficial for the health of human body by decreasing heart disease attack, hypertension, osteoporosis and cholesterol (Ponnusha et al, 2011;Samruan et al, 2012). (Masuda et al, 2017) also have reported that polyphenols as antioxidants prevent various diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases.…”

The Potentiality of Moringa Oleifera to Increase Human Performance

“…Nowadays, many sports practitioners such as athletes, trainers, or sports nutrition experts use natural-based ergogenic aids [8]. Our previous studies have revealed that natural plants can be used as ergogenic aids, one of which is curcumin, which can increase mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle [9][10][11]. In addition, there are also studies on substances contained in natural plants associated with VO 2 Max and LT, such as caffeine, carnitine, and choline at specific doses, which can increase VO 2 max and reduce lactate concentration [12].…”

Potential Molecular Interaction of Nutmeg’s (Myristica fragrans) Active Compound via Activation of Caspase-3

“…Based on our previous studies (Ray et al, 2021a;Ray et al, 2021b;Masuda et al, 2017), here in this study, we have conducted the molecular interaction selected M. fragrans seed constituents as anticancer agents against caspase-3. A docking score was also evaluated for investigating the anticancer activity.…”