Mitigation of polarization-mode dispersion in optical multichannel systems

Sarkimukka, S.; Djupsjöbacka, A.; Gavler, Anders; Jacobsen, Gunnar

doi:10.1109/50.887188

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In these cases, the approach proposed by Särkimukka et al [13] (or one utilizing new protection techniques) may be viable. The occurrences that may require the switching of this traffic will likely be infrequent (spanning years) and may only be necessary for several minutes or a couple of hours.…”

Section: Design Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measured temporal and spectral PMD characteristics and their implications for network-level mitigation approaches

Allen

Kondamuri

Richards³

et al. 2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-Signal degradation due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) effects may become significant for signaling rates of 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s, and beyond. To assess the utility of various PMD mitigation schemes, temporal and spectral measurements of differential group delay (DGD) were made on 95 km of buried standard single-mode fiber over an 86-d period to determine the distribution and rate of change of high-DGD events. As expected, statistical analysis of variations in DGD indicate that excursions from the mean DGD by factors of 3.7 or higher have very low probability. For this link, the DGD varied slowly with time (having a drift time of about 3.4 d) and rapidly with wavelength. The DGD data agree well with results of similar experiments reported in the literature. Statistical analysis of the measured DGD data shows that high-DGD episodes will be exceedingly rare and short-lived. The impact of PMD on network operations is explored and approaches to ensure network reliability are reviewed for network operators given the task of transporting high-bit-rate channels over fiber links with known PMD characteristics.

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Section: Design Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Särkimukka et al [13] proposed a method for mitigating PMD effects in a multichannel system by moving traffic off of PMD-impaired channels onto spare channels that are not experiencing PMD degradation.…”

Section: Coping With Pmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured temporal and spectral PMD characteristics and their implications for network-level mitigation approaches

Allen

Kondamuri

Richards³

et al. 2003

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Since the PMD over the different WDM channels is uncorrelated in most cases of interest, a straightforward approach is to use a few free extra channels for back-up, and simply drop the channel or channels thats suffer too high PMD penalty. This and similar approaches were discussed and quantified by simulations in [23,24].…”

Section: Multichannel Pmd Compensatorsmentioning

confidence: 86%

PMD impact on optical systems: Single- and multichannel effects

Karlsson

Sunnerud

2004

J Optic Comm Rep

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We discuss the influence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on optical communication channels by putting special emphasis on PMD-induced pulse broadening. We present the analytical theory for PMD-induced pulse broadening, first in the deterministic and then for the random case. We then apply this theory to a comparison between a few different simple PMD-compensators. We also discuss the systems implications and outage probabilities that arise for different compensating techniques, including active optical compensation, alternative modulation formats and error correcting codes. Then we consider wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, and present the unique aspects of PMD and PMD compensation that distinguish WDM transmission from the single-channel case. Finally the temporal drift is discussed, and the associated autocorrelation function is presented.

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“…Electrical PMD compensations are usually less effective than optical PMD compensations, and currently are difficult to realize at high bit rates (e.g., 40 Gb/s) [3] [4]. Recently, some methods to mitigate PMD in WDM systems were proposed and demonstrated [5]- [7]. [5] proposed to use channel switching to mitigate PMD in WDM systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different modulation formats for polarization mode dispersion compensators

Chen

Wen

2006

SPIE Proceedings

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We propose a polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation scheme for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) system, in which two WDM channels share one PMD compensator at the receiver site. The effect of different modulation formats on multi-stage PMD compensators is studied and compared by numerical simulations in 40-Gb/s WDM optical fiber communication system. The degree of polarization (DOP) of single state of polarization (SOP) optical signal is used as the feedback signal in PMD compensators. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as the searching algorithm in WDM systems. The compensated DOP values of return-to-zero (RZ) format and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format by multi-stage PMD compensators have been increased distinctly compared to the corresponding cases without compensation. It is shown that the PSO algorithm is implemented successfully in adaptive multi-stage PMD compensation in a 40-Gb/s optical WDM system. The compensated eye diagrams for the two channels by multi-stage PMD compensators indicate that the three-stage PMD compensator which eliminates the influence of second-order PMD completely in WDM system takes the best efficiency in the multi-stage PMD compensators for RZ format and NRZ format.

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Mitigation of polarization-mode dispersion in optical multichannel systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Measured temporal and spectral PMD characteristics and their implications for network-level mitigation approaches

Measured temporal and spectral PMD characteristics and their implications for network-level mitigation approaches

PMD impact on optical systems: Single- and multichannel effects

Comparison of different modulation formats for polarization mode dispersion compensators

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