Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

Meiirkhanuly, Zhanibek; Kozieł, Jacek A.; Chen, Baitong; Białowiec, Andrzej; Lee, Myeongseong; Wi, Jisoo; Banik, Chumki; Brown, Robert C.

doi:10.3390/atmos11111179

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(77 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We propose a novel concept of biochar utilization that can simultaneously improve the air quality of the animal production system and the sustainability of crop production agriculture. Biochar can be first used to mitigate gaseous emissions (Chen et al, 2020;Meiirkhanuly et al, 2020a) from stored manure and possibly retain more nutrients in the manure. When the swine manure pits are agitated and cleaned out, the mixture of swine manure and biochar will be pumped out and applied to soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-Swine Manure Impact on Soil Nutrients and Carbon Under Controlled Leaching Experiment Using a Midwestern Mollisols

Banik

Kozieł

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biochar application to the soil can improve soil quality and nutrient leaching loss from swine manure adapted soils. Our working hypothesis was that the biochar-incubated with manure could be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application. The manure-biochar application to the soil would decrease nutrient leaching from manure and increase plant-available nutrients. The study objectives were to 1) assess the physicochemical properties of the manure-biochar mixture after lab incubation and 2) evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and other major and minor nutrients in comparison to conventional manure application to soil. Three biochars 1) neutral pH red-oak (RO), 2) highly alkaline autothermal corn (Zea mays) stover (HAP), and 3) mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) were incubated with swine manure for a month. The biochar-manure mixture was applied in triplicate to soil columns with an application rate determined by the P2O5-P content in manure or manure-biochar mixtures after the incubation. The ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3‒), and reactive P concentrations in soil column leachates were recorded for eight leaching events. Soil properties and plant-available nutrients were compared between treatments and control manure and soil. Manure-(HAP&HAPE) biochar treatments significantly increased soil organic matter (OM), and all biochar-manure mixture increased (numerically) soil total C, N, and improved soil bulk density. Concentrations of NH4+ and NO3‒ significantly increased in MHAPE column leachates during this 4-week study and the KCl-extractable NH4+ and NO3‒ in the soil at the end of the experiment. A significant reduction in soil Mehlich3 Cu was also observed for the manure-HAPE mixture compared with the manure control. The manure-red oak biochar significantly increased the soil Mn availability than other manure-biochar treatments or manure control. Overall, the manure-biochar incubation enabled biochar to stabilize the C and several nutrients from manure. The subsequent manure-biochar mixture application to soil improved soil quality and plant nutrient availability compared to conventional manure application. This proof-of-the-concept study suggests that biochars could be used to solve both environmental and agronomic challenges and further improve the sustainability of animal and crop production agriculture.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar-Swine Manure Impact on Soil Nutrients and Carbon Under Controlled Leaching Experiment Using a Midwestern Mollisols

Banik

Kozieł

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our research with biochar shows that a 6∼12 mm thick layer can float on manure while mitigating gaseous emissions over the ∼30 days period. The mitigation effects on NH 3 were typically the greatest on the first day of application and decreased over the trial duration (Meiirkhanuly et al, 2020b). The effect of biochar's biweekly reapplication on gaseous emissions from swine manure was recently reported by Chen et al (2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The deep pit and agitation simulation was facilitated by 1.22 m × 0.38 m (height × diameter) manure storage. The manure's working volume was 103.1 L, which is obtained from a local deep-pit swine barn with a pH of ∼7.5 (Meiirkhanuly et al, 2020b). A total of 9 manure storages were used for three scenarios with replication (n = 3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Acute Ammonia Emissions With Biochar During Swine Manure Agitation Before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

Chen

Kozieł

Białowiec

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from animal agriculture can cause eutrophication of water ecosystems and are precursors to secondary particulate matter (PM2.5). NH3 emissions from stored swine manure represent nutrient loss affecting the fertilizing value of manure. The short-term emission bursts occur when farmers agitate manure before emptying storage and fertilizing fields. There is no proven technology to mitigate gaseous emissions during agitation, while the hazards of acute releases (e.g., H2S) are well-known. Biochar mitigates NH3 emissions from manure over the long-term. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mitigation of acute NH3 emissions during/after agitation. Two biochars, highly alkaline and porous (HAP from corn stover) and red oak (RO), were tested. The 6 and 12 mm-thick layers of biochar powder were surficial applied followed by 3 min agitation. NH3 concentrations were measured before/during/after agitation. Mitigation was assessed by comparing: (i) the maximum (peak) flux, (ii) total emission (from agitation start till NH3 concentration returned to the before-agitation), and (iii) the total emissions during agitation. The 12 mm HAP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced (i–iii) by 63, 70, and 85%, respectively. The 6 mm HAP significantly reduced (i–iii) by 76, 75, and 78%, respectively. The 12 mm RO significantly reduced (i–iii) by 9, 53, and 57%, respectively. The 6 mm RO significantly reduced (i–iii) by 61, 86, and 63%, respectively. The NH3 emission kinetics model confirmed that a 6 mm dose was just as effective as the larger dose. More research is needed to optimize and scale-up mitigating emissions and retention of nutrients in manure with biochar.

show abstract

“…The positive role of biochar in a more sustainable animal-crop production system is provided in Figure 1. Stage 1 -biochar is surficially applied to stored manure, where it mitigates the perennial environmental problem, i.e., gaseous emissions of odor and air pollutants [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Biochar fits a need since many marketed manure additives have not been proven effective [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake – A Greenhouse Study

Banik¹,

Kozieł²,

Bonds³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with >90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (biochar wt/manure wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil OM significantly (<0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. There was a significant decrease in soil M3-P and soil NO3- for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M. However, the plant biomass nutrient concentrations were not significantly different from control manure. Moreover, an increasing trend of N and decreasing trend of P in the plant under all biochar-manure treatments than the controls were noted. This observation suggests that the presence of biochar is capable of influencing the soil N and P in such a way as not to lose those nutrients at the early growth stages of the plant. In general, no statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield and plant nutrient uptake for N, P, and K was observed. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3-extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil.

show abstract

Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Biochar-Swine Manure Impact on Soil Nutrients and Carbon Under Controlled Leaching Experiment Using a Midwestern Mollisols

Biochar-Swine Manure Impact on Soil Nutrients and Carbon Under Controlled Leaching Experiment Using a Midwestern Mollisols

Mitigation of Acute Ammonia Emissions With Biochar During Swine Manure Agitation Before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake – A Greenhouse Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About