Mitigation of Cadmium Induced Oxidative Stress by Using Organic Amendments to Improve the Growth and Yield of Mash Beans [Vigna mungo (L.)]

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) stress is a serious environmental hazard that has devastating impacts on plant growth and productivity. Moreover, the entrance of Cd into the human food chain by eating Cd-contaminated food also poses serious health issues. Organic amendments (OA) possess an excellent potential to reduce the adverse impacts of Cd stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential of different OA in improving the mash beans growth and yield grown under Cd-contaminated soil. The soil was spiked with different concentrations of Cd (0, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and subjected to different OA, i.e., control, cow manure (5%), sugarcane press mud (5%) and a combination of cow manure (2.5%) and sugarcane press mud (2.5%). Results indicated that Cd stress induced a significant reduction in growth and yield traits, leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, protein accumulation and anti-oxidant activities. However, the application of OA appreciably reduced the Cd-induced toxic effects and caused a significant increase in growth and yield. The application of 5% sugarcane press mud remained the top performer and it increased the mash bean growth and yield through improved photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status (56%) and reduced Cd uptake (18%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production (38.52%), electrolyte leakage (EL) (42.13%) malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (55.88%) and increased accumulation of soluble protein (60.15%) and free amino acids (54%) through improved activities of anti-oxidant enzymes. Therefore, these findings suggested that the application of sugarcane press mud enhanced the growth and yield through reduced Cd accumulation, enhanced photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status, protein and amino accumulation and reduced H2O2, EL and MDA accumulation through a stronger anti-oxidant defense system.

Exogenously Applied Trehalose Augments Cadmium Stress Tolerance and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Grown in Soil and Hydroponic Systems through Reducing Cd Uptake and Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Defense Systems

“…Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential and toxic element [ 2 ] readily absorbed by plant roots, causing serious structural and functional alternations as well as inhibition of the seed germination and root growth [ 3 ]. Cadmium inhibits the various physiological processes including photosynthesis, respiration, water movement, leaf gas exchange and, therefore, impairs plant metabolism [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Additionally, Cd stress reduces the chlorophyll synthesis [ 8 ] and induces antioxidant activities by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Methyl Jasmonate Alleviated the Adverse Effects of Cadmium Stress in Pea (Pisum sativum L.): A Nexus of Photosystem II Activity and Dynamics of Redox Balance

“…The generated ROS species at the PSI end can cause photoinhibition of PSII and PSI. Plants can avoid PSI photoinhibition by limiting the electron transport from PSII to PSI (lowering PSII activity) or re-routing electrons by providing alternative electron acceptors, such as cyclic electron transport ( Taiz et al, 2015 ; Ogbaga and Athar, 2019 ; Shahzadi et al, 2021 ; Umer Chattha et al, 2021 ). These antioxidant enzymes scavenge ROS and protect the cellular structures ( Bukhat et al, 2020 ; Askari-Khorasgani et al, 2021 ; Yasir et al, 2021 ).…”

Physiochemical Changes of Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] in Responses to Varying Irrigation Regimes

“…In Bangladesh, it is generally grown from March to early May (Kharif-1 season), and the period is mainly characterized by low rainfall along with the high temperature., Its consequences often lead to significant soil water deficit at various growth stages, especially during the post-flowering period. Soil moisture deficiency alters several physiological and biochemical activities such as the production of excess proline and ROS (reactive oxygen species), disrupts plant water relations, reduces nutrient uptake capacity, prevents stem closure and opening, leading to low photosynthesis, reduces chlorophyll content, pigment composition and plant morphological characteristics [6,7]. Consequently, the present yield is significantly below the potential yield.…”