Mitigation of a Hot Spot Along a Cable Circuit Using a Novel Cooling Solution

Brakelmann, H.; Anders, G.J.; Cherukupalli, S.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2916351

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…• the heat sources insulation around the power cable; • mounting a forced cooling system in the hot-spot zone; • corrective backfill incorporation having high thermal conductivity; • the utilisation of the insulating fluid that flows inside the power cable, useful for the power cable cooling; • the forced convection for the fluid flows around the power cable [21,47].…”

Section: Soil Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat-transfer analysis must consider the pipes layout, the soil parameters, the depth where the underground power cable is installed, and other parameters that are not constant along the power cable. Brakelmann et al [47] described the utilisation of gravitational water as a cooling solution. This solution is adopted when the water cooling cannot reduce the hot-spot zone around the power cable.…”

Section: Soil Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

et al. 2021

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With the increase in the electrical load and the progressive introduction of power generation from intermittent renewable energy sources, the power line operating conditions are approaching the thermal limits. The definition of thermal limits variable in time has been addressed under the concept of dynamic thermal rating (DTR), with which it is possible to provide a more detailed assessment of the line rating and exploit the electrical system more flexibly. Most of the literature on DTR has addressed overhead lines exposed to different weather conditions. The interest in the dynamic thermal rating of power cables is increasing, considering the evolution of computational methods and advanced systems for cable monitoring. This paper contains an overview of the concepts and methods referring to dynamic cable rating (DCR). Starting from the analytical formulations developed many years ago for determining the power cable rating in steady-state conditions, also reported in International Standards, this paper considers the improvements of these formulations proposed during the years. These improvements are leading to include more specific details in the models used for DCR analysis and the computational methods used to assess the power cable’s thermal conditions buried in soil. This paper is focused on highlighting the path from the initial theories and models to the latest literature contributions. Attention is paid to thermal modelling with different levels of detail, applications of 2D and 3D solvers and simplified models, and their validation based on experimental measurements. A salient point of the overview is considering the DCR impact on reliability aspects, risk estimation, real-time calculations, forecasting, and planning with different time horizons.

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Section: Soil Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

et al. 2021

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“…For a line shown as a chain of a quadripole, the number of which increases indefinitely with simultaneously decreasing parameters of individual quadripoles, it can be concluded that voltage and current have a waveform similar to the source (forcing) signal at any point of the chain [16].…”

Section: Modelling the Heating Up Of Electrical Cablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Determining the Impact of Ambient Temperature on an Electrical Cable during a Fire

Perka

Piwowarski

2021

Energies

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Evaluating environmental conditions that trigger fire-fighting equipment is one of the primary design tasks that have to be taken into account when engineering electrical systems supplying such devices. All of the solutions are aimed at, among others, preserving environmental parameters in a building being on fire for an assumed time and at a level enabling safe evacuation. These parameters include temperature, thermal radiation, visibility range, oxygen concentration, and environmental toxicity. This article presents a new mathematical model for heat exchange between the environment and an electric cable under thermal conditions exceeding permissible values for commonly used non-flammable installation cables. The method of analogy between thermal and electrical systems was adopted for modelling heat flow. Determining how the thermal conductivity of the cable and the thermal capacity of a conductor-insulation system can be applied to calculate the wire temperature depending on the heating time t and distance x from the heat source is discussed. Thermal conductivity and capacity were determined based on experimental tests for halogen-free flame-retardant (HFFR) cables with wire cross-sections of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 mm2. The conducted experimental tests enable verifying the results calculated by the mathematical model.

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“…Mitigation of a cable hot spot using a gravitational water cooling system is considered in [9]. This cooling system requires space for a water reservoir near the hot spot, which, as mentioned previously, is often not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applications of water cooling systems to improve the transmission performance of heavily loaded cable lines around the world are reviewed in [9]. All cooling systems require the installation of equipment such as pipes, reservoirs, and pumps (if the forced circulation of the water coolant is applied).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the ampacity of underground cable lines by optimising the thermal environment and design parameters for cable crossings

Perović¹,

Klimenta²,

Tasić

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The problem of optimising the thermal environment and design parameters of underground cable lines for cable crossings with the aim of increasing the ampacities of cables is considered in this paper. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, formulated as a continuous non‐linear optimisation problem with constraints, for solving this hot spot problem is applied. It is found, using the PSO algorithm, that there are a suitable size of cable bedding and an arrangement of cables within that bedding, which can eliminate or significantly mitigate the hot spot effect without the use of any additional cooling equipment. In this manner, the ampacities of both crossing cable lines increase by about 15% on average with respect to the case of a similar crossing with installation parameters commonly used. In addition, it is shown how the cross‐sectional areas of the conductors and metal screens and the metal screen bonding methods affect the optimal solution.

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Mitigation of a Hot Spot Along a Cable Circuit Using a Novel Cooling Solution

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

Concepts and Methods to Assess the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Power Cables

A Method for Determining the Impact of Ambient Temperature on an Electrical Cable during a Fire

Increasing the ampacity of underground cable lines by optimising the thermal environment and design parameters for cable crossings

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