This article presents an efficient algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) for energy and operation management (EOM) of a microgrid including different distributed generation units and energy storage devices. The proposed approach employs PSO to minimize the total energy and operating cost of the microgrid via optimal adjustment of the control variables of the EOM, while satisfying various operating constraints. Owing to the stochastic nature of energy produced from renewable sources, i.e. wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, as well as load uncertainties and market prices, a probabilistic approach in the EOM is introduced. The proposed method is examined and tested on a typical gridconnected microgrid including fuel cell, gas-fired microturbine, wind turbine, photovoltaic and energy storage devices. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach to solve the EOM of the microgrids.
SUMMARYAn engineering approach to numerical modelling of power cable heating due to a line-to-earth short-circuit caused by previous mechanical damages of a cable sheath and insulation is proposed in this paper. Nonlinearity of the finite element model is based on the soil thermal conductivity and heat sources as functions of temperature and time. The nonlinear transient analysis is applied to an authentic example of line-to-earth shortcircuit caused by a mechanical damage of the cable sheath and insulation that has arisen during the previous removal of tree roots. The represented fault occurred on 14 November 2007 in a buried 0.4 kV cable line installed in the city of Bijelo Polje, Republic of Montenegro. Also, this paper outlines a proposition of a technical report prescribing procedures for the removal of tree roots from the soil surrounding cables and for laying power cables nearby high vegetation. The proposed engineering approach is applicable to power cables of all voltage levels laid in soils with changeable moisture content.
In this paper, the Moth Swarm Algorithm (MSA) is applied to the Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem in thermal power plants. The analysis of behavior and the evaluation of performances of the algorithm are carried out on the standard test systems with 3 and 6 generators. The results of the MSA application to these test systems are compared with the results published in recent literature. The present paper shows that the proposed MSA gives an accurate and effective solution of the CEED problem. Index Terms-Combined economic and emission dispatch; moth swarm algorithm; power generation dispatch; power engineering computing.
SUMMARYAn approach to numerical modelling of temperature distributions around buried power cables using finite element analysis is presented in this paper. The finite element algorithms are based on time-dependent heat sources of the environment and temperature-dependent material properties of the cables. The nonlinear steady-state and transient heat transfer algorithms are applied to the problem of controlling thermal environment in an actual hot spot of a 110 kV cable line installed in Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Moreover, this paper outlines the influence of an underground heating pipeline on ampacities of the cable line, and two retrofitting procedures for optimising the thermal properties of cable environment. Two suggested procedures for thermal optimisation of the actual hot spot are: the use of a new-mixed corrective backfill and the use of quartz sand. Finally, actual test cases using the measured data indicate the possibilities of using the proposed algorithms.
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