Mitigation impact of roadside trees on fine particle pollution

Accumulation of heavy metals in gametophytes of the epilithic mosses

“…Both of these metals are known to be contained in the industrial emissions and non-exhaust vehicular dust (metal corrosion, tire, brake and clutch wear, wear of the roadway, etc.) [1,10,24]; besides, automobile exhaust is an ad ditional source of heavy metals, including Pb, in the atmosphere [4,15]. Lead and manga nese are among the representative metals whose concentrations in the environment can be used as reliable indices of the anthropogenic pollution [10].…”

Urban Vegetation in Air Quality Management: A Review and Policy Framework

“…On-site air quality measurements, also if coupled with field vegetation inventories, and data analysis [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] On-site air quality measurements or soil sampling, measurements of pollution removal by means of laboratory techniques, including instrumental analysis on plant samples (e.g., microscopic analysis, spectroscopy, gravimetry, gas exchange measurements, wind tunnel experiments on leaves or branches etc.) and data analysis [31][32][33][34][35] Measurements of pollution removal by means of laboratory techniques, including instrumental analysis on plant samples and data analysis [11][12][13] Estimates of pollution removal by vegetation or statistical analysis based on field plant inventories or remote sensing data and existing literature/databases or air quality data [60][61][62][63][64][65][66] Modelling Approaches…”

“…At the micro-scale level, single elements of the geometry of the urban canopy layer were investigated, such as buildings or building complexes, street canyons, roads, or urban parks. In particular, vegetation around building complexes [15], near-road locations [14,19,21,23,24,[26][27][28]34,75,76], urban green spaces [16,22,44,63], or green roofs [17,29] were considered. The studies at the neighbourhood scale, in which several urban blocks or large open urban areas were considered, or at the city scale, which included the area of the entire municipality, were less common.…”

“…Plant level study [10][11][12][13][31][32][33][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]65,69,73] Local scale [14][15][16][17]19,[21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29]34,44,63,75,76] Neighbourhood scale [18,…”

“…Similarly to plant-scale studies, a variety of local conditions, such as meteorological factors, may have a significant impact on the results [23,24]. Although increasing the amount of urban greenery was found to be adversely associated with local air pollution concentration levels in various scenarios and it has been advocated as a mitigation strategy (e.g., [15,26,29,34]), other studies were less optimistic. For example, the effect of urban vegetation on air pollution removal was found to be negligible in northern European climatic conditions (for the investigated NO 2 , O 3 , and volatile organic compounds [VOCs] pollution) [21].Moreover, in another case, it was observed that only O 3 concentration levels were lower in tree-covered habitats than in open habitats, while there was no significant difference for NO 2 and SO 2 and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentration levels were higher in tree-covered habitats, which may be partly explained by pollution trapping by the tree canopy [22].…”