Mitigating arable soil compaction: A review and analysis of available cost and benefit data

Chamen, W. C. T.; Moxey, Andrew; Towers, Willie; Balana, Bedru; Hallett, Paul D.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2014.09.011

Cited by 147 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…However, chiseling is an energy-intensive operation, requires investment to purchase ripper and implies changes in the management system (CHAMEN, 2015), in contrast to the provision of minimum soil mobilization implicit in the NTS. In addition, the change in soil properties promoted by soil chiseling has presented short duration (DRESCHER et al, 2012;SILVA et al, 2012), often less than one year (ALVAREZ, et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer shanks to promote soil decompaction in the seeding operation

et al. 2017

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Intensification of soil compaction process under no-tillage (NT) is motivating the search for alternatives to mitigate soil compaction state. This study evaluated changes in soil physical and hydraulic properties caused by seeder with fertilizer shanks at different depths compared with the double discs lagged seeder, to investigate the possibility of soil decompaction by sowing under NT in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in a clayed Oxisol, for 27 years under NT. Treatments were three planting mechanisms: S0.10m: cutting disc combined with shank acting to 0.10m depth; S0.15m: cutting disc combined with shank acting to 0.15m depth and, D0.07m: double discs lagged acting to 0.07m depth in an experimental randomized block design with four replications. We evaluated the soil mechanical resistance, water infiltration rate, soil bulk density, pore size distribution and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Results indicated that the use of seeder with fertilizer shanks acting at 0.15m deep promoted the soil decompaction by the reduction of penetration resistance and increase of porosity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. To have significant increase in water infiltration rate the fertilizer shanks of the seeder must be deepened to the lower limit of the compacted surface layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer shanks to promote soil decompaction in the seeding operation

et al. 2017

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“…These indicators do not consider the influence of parameters of the equipment (technology) on the created harvest. Therefore, scientists pay considerable attention to studying of interaction of a running gear of tractors with the soil and to influence of soil compaction on the created harvest [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Operating conditions of tractors and their influence on the indicators of efficiency are investigated [16; 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of main parameters of tractor and unit for seeding cereal crops with regards to their impact on crop productivity

Khafizov

Nurmiev

et al. 2018

Engineering for Rural Development

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Abstract. The article determines the weight and power of the tractor, as well as the width of the seeder and the operational speed of the tractor-seeder unit based on the new method. Using multi-cycle, multi-parameter calculations, it is revealed that the seeding operation quality could be achieved with a single combination of optimal values of the tractor weight and power, which are almost the same even within different environmental conditions. The main influence on the optimal value of the tractor weight and engine power is caused by a specific traction resistance of the seeder. For the seeder specific traction resistances ranging from 3.2 to 5.2 kN·m -1 , the optimal value of the tractor weight for seeding operations with a DMC-implement (chisel-shaped openers) is in the range from 80 to 120 kN. The required rational power varies from 200 hp up to 310 hp. The optimal seeder width is 12 m, the optimum speed of the unit is 12 km·h -1 . The nomograph is proposed for seeders with a different working width, with a different type of working elements and, accordingly, with a different traction resistance. The optimum values of the main parameters of the tractor revealed by the proposed graph will ensure minimum total energy costs for seeding, by reducing the energy costs of the lost crop. Increasing the operational speed of the seeding units leads to an increase in required power of the tractor engine, while maintaining the value of its weight.Key words: tractor, weight, power, optimization, total energy costs, mathematical model, seeder. IntroductionThe considerable attention in foreign and domestic scientific literature is paid to increase in the efficiency of use of tractors and tractor-implement units. For assessment of the efficiency of tractors and units different indicators are used -productivity, fuel usage on 1 hectare, given expenses and other indicators [1][2][3][4][5]. These indicators do not consider the influence of parameters of the equipment (technology) on the created harvest. Therefore, scientists pay considerable attention to studying of interaction of a running gear of tractors with the soil and to influence of soil compaction on the created harvest [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Operating conditions of tractors and their influence on the indicators of efficiency are investigated [16; 17]. There is a need of a system approach for justification of the parameters of tractors taking into account their influence on the created harvest.On the basis of many years of research, we developed a system mathematical model of atractor and an implement has been developed using the energy optimization criterion -total energy costs. Numerous pilot studies proved adequacy of the mathematical model of different tractor-implement units [18][19][20]. Total energy costs, in addition to direct and indirect energy costs, include the energy of the crop lost due to incorrectly selected parameters and operating modes of implements, which occupies from 40 to 80 % of the total energy costs in various operations and ...

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“…Entretanto, o uso dessa prática deve ser limitado, pois requer elevado consumo energético, investimento em equipamentos e mudanças no sistema de cultivo (Chamen, 2015), em que os custos aumentam proporcionalmente à profundidade da camada compactada, e os benefícios dependem da textura do solo e da profundidade e da frequência da operação. Além disso, os benefícios da escarificação do solo sobre o rendimento de culturas nem sempre se concretizam (Gubiani et al, 2013;Nunes et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Duração das alterações em propriedades físico-hídricas de Latossolo argiloso decorrentes da escarificação mecânica

Drescher

Reinert

Denardin

et al. 2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tempo de duração do efeito da descompactação do solo, por escarificação mecânica, por meio de indicadores físico-hídricos de Latossolo argiloso, manejado em sistema plantio direto (SPD). Os tratamentos consistiram em meses (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 e 36) transcorridos após escarificação mecânica em SPD e em testemunha sem escarificação em SPD há 27 anos. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: resistência mecânica à penetração, taxa de infiltração de água no solo, densidade e densidade relativa do solo, distribuição do tamanho de poros e condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado. A duração dos efeitos da escarificação mecânica variou com a propriedade do solo, tendo se mantido por 6 meses na densidade e na densidade relativa, na porosidade total e na macroporosidade; 18 meses na resistência à penetração; e 24 meses na condutividade hidráulica e na taxa de infiltração de água no solo. Propriedades do solo relacionadas ao transporte de água, como condutividade hidráulica e taxa de infiltração estável de água no solo, mantêm o efeito da escarificação por mais tempo e, portanto, são mais adequadas para avaliar a duração da descompactação mecânica.Termos para indexação: compactação, descompactação mecânica, estrutura do solo, manejo do solo. Duration of changes in physical and hydraulic properties of a clayey Oxisol by mechanical chiselingAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the duration of the effects of soil decompaction, by mechanical chiseling, through physical and hydraulic indicators of a clayey Oxisol under no-tillage (NT). The treatments consisted of months (0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36) after chiseling under NT and of a control treatment without chiseling under NT during 27 years. The following variables were evaluated: penetration resistance, infiltration rate, bulk density and relative density, pore size distribution, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The duration of the effects of mechanical chiseling varied according to the evaluated soil property, lasting six months for bulk density and relative density, total porosity, and macroporosity; 18 months for penetration resistance; and 24 months for hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate. Soil properties related to water transport, such as hydraulic conductivity and steady infiltration rate, maintain the effect of mechanical chiseling for a longer time and, therefore, are more suitable to measure the duration of mechanical decompaction.

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Mitigating arable soil compaction: A review and analysis of available cost and benefit data

Cited by 147 publications

References 87 publications

Fertilizer shanks to promote soil decompaction in the seeding operation

Fertilizer shanks to promote soil decompaction in the seeding operation

Optimization of main parameters of tractor and unit for seeding cereal crops with regards to their impact on crop productivity

Duração das alterações em propriedades físico-hídricas de Latossolo argiloso decorrentes da escarificação mecânica

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