Mist Generation at a Machining Center

Heitbrink, William A.; D’Arcy, James B.; Yacher, John M.

doi:10.1080/778879049

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The hydrophobic mycobacterial cells, which may become enriched around the bubble (and therefore may become enriched in aerosols), are ejected in water droplets after which they become bioaerosols when the water bubble dries up (Vaerewijck et al , 2005). Here, we did not find this phenomenon possibly because aerosol formation through metal grinding has been explained by a different mechanism – a combination of ‘jet mist’ and ‘shear force’ mechanisms, which generated a bimodal particle distribution in metalworking aerosols (Heitbrink et al , 2000; Wang et al , 2007). Similarly, no Mycobacterium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Potential pathogenic bacteria in metalworking fluids and aerosols from a machining facility

Perkins

Angenent

2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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The metalworking and machining industry utilizes recirculating metalworking fluids for integral aspects of the fabrication process. Despite the use of biocides, these fluids sustain substantial biological growth. Subsequently, the high-shear forces incurred during metalworking processing aerosolize bacterial cells and may cause dermatologic and respiratory effects in exposed workers. We quantified and identified the bacterial load for metalworking fluid and aerosol samples of a machining facility in the US Midwest during two seasons. To investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in fluid and air, we performed 16S rRNA gene surveys. The concentration of total bacterial cells (including culturable and nonculturable cells) was relatively constant throughout the study, averaging 5.1 × 10⁸ cells mL⁻¹ in the fluids and 4.8 × 10⁵ cells m⁻³ in the aerosols. We observed bacteria of potential epidemiologic significance from several different bacterial phyla in both fluids and aerosols. Most notably, Alcaligenes faecalis was identified through both direct sequencing and culturing in every sample collected. Elucidating the bacterial community with gene surveys showed that metalworking fluids were the source of the aerosolized bacteria in this facility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Potential pathogenic bacteria in metalworking fluids and aerosols from a machining facility

Perkins

Angenent

2010

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…An example of a parameter for which it was not possible to derive a multiplier more or less directly from literature is the speed of the tools during 'application of liquids in high speed processes'. Although there is information indicating that this is an important parameter (Heitbrink et al, 2000), the information from published literature does not allow quantification of the influence of this parameter. Therefore, it was decided, based on expert judgment, by the developers of ART that a multiplier of 3 for large-scale activities involving high speed movement would be used as a reasonable value for this parameter.…”

Section: Activity Emission Potential Underlying Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Occupational Activities for Assessment of Inhalation Exposure

Marquart¹,

Schneider

Goede

et al. 2011

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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There is a large variety of activities in workplaces that can lead to emission of substances. Coding systems based on determinants of emission have so far not been developed. In this paper, a system of Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses is proposed for categorizing activities involving chemical use. Activity Classes share their so-called 'emission generation mechanisms' and physical state of the product handled and the underlying determinants of emission. A number of (industrial) stakeholders actively participated in testing and fine-tuning the system. With the help of these stakeholders, it was found to be relatively easy to allocate a large number of activities to the Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses. The system facilitates a more structured classification of activities in exposure databases, a structured analysis of the analogy of exposure activities, and a transparent quantification of the activity emission potential in (new) exposure assessment models. The first use of the system is in the Advanced REACH Tool.

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“…Metalworking fluids are commonly used for lubrication, cooling, chip flushing, and part corrosion protection in machining operations. Metalworking fluid mists are a recognized occupational health hazard [13,14]. Dermal exposure to cutting fluids may cause a variety of skin ailments.…”

Section: Machiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global perspective on the environmental challenges facing the automotive industry: state-of-the-art and directions for the future

Sutherland

Gunter

Allen

et al. 2004

IJVD

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With support from the US National Science Foundation and Department of Energy, a global benchmarking study of the status of Environmentally Benign Manufacturing (EBM) has recently been completed. The study [1], completed under the aegis of the World Technology Evaluation Center at Loyola College in Maryland, gathered information on research and development around the world aimed at developing alternative methods for materials processing with the purpose of minimizing toxic material generation and optimizing products and by-products for sustainability and reuse characteristics. The study reviewed the current status of EBM research, development, and applications in the United States, Japan, and Europe with a view towards evaluating the competitive status of US efforts. Information was acquired from the technical literature as well as through visits to industry, national laboratories, universities, etc. One area of focus within the study was the automotive industry. This paper summarizes many of the key findings from the global benchmarking study that relate to the automotive industry and identifies areas that require attention for the future.

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Mist Generation at a Machining Center

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Potential pathogenic bacteria in metalworking fluids and aerosols from a machining facility

Potential pathogenic bacteria in metalworking fluids and aerosols from a machining facility

Classification of Occupational Activities for Assessment of Inhalation Exposure

A global perspective on the environmental challenges facing the automotive industry: state-of-the-art and directions for the future

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