Classification of Occupational Activities for Assessment of Inhalation Exposure

Marquart, Hans; Schneider, Thomas; Goede, Henk; Tischer, Martin; Schinkel, Jody; Warren, Nicola; Fransman, Wouter; Spaan, Suzanne; Tongeren, Martie van; Kromhout, Hans; Tielemans, Erik; Cherrie, John W.

doi:10.1093/annhyg/mer072

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The source-receptor model is a conceptual model that describes the physical pathway of exposure from its generation at the source through different transport compartments and mechanisms to the route of entry at the receptor, and provides a framework to systematically evaluate and collect information on potential micro-level exposure determinants ( 36 – 38 ). At each stage, numerous factors can influence exposure which have been well documented in the literature and should be considered for data collection ( 36 , 40 ). These within-facility micro-level factors explain differences in exposure caused by tasks or source characteristics.…”

Section: Methods and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An integral component of exposure assessment is evaluating exposure variability and understanding factors affecting exposures. Statistical modeling of exposure factors requires the collection of both exposure measurements and detailed contextual information on workplace characteristics such as: processes, control measures, environmental conditions, jobs, tasks, source materials, worker activities, and other relevant work environment factors (18,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). The source-receptor model is a conceptual model that describes the physical pathway of exposure from its generation at the source through different transport compartments and mechanisms to the route of entry at the receptor, and provides a framework to systematically evaluate and collect information on potential micro-level exposure determinants (36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Exposure Factors Database Development and Modeling Exposure Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Strategy for Field Evaluations of Exposures and Respiratory Health of Workers at Small- to Medium-Sized Coffee Facilities

Virji

Cummings

Cox‐Ganser

2021

Front. Public Health

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Coffee production is a global industry with roasteries throughout the world. Workers in this industry are exposed to complex mixtures of gases, dusts, and vapors including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, coffee dust, allergens, alpha-diketones, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Adverse respiratory health outcomes such as respiratory symptoms, reduced pulmonary function, asthma, and obliterative bronchiolitis can occur among exposed workers. In response to health hazard evaluations requests received from 17 small- to medium-sized coffee facilities across the United States, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted investigations during 2016–2017 to understand the burden of respiratory abnormalities, exposure characteristics, relationships between exposures and respiratory effects, and opportunities for exposure mitigation. Full-shift, task-based, and instantaneous personal and area air samples for diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione and other VOCs were collected, and engineering controls were evaluated. Medical evaluations included questionnaire, spirometry, impulse oscillometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Exposure and health assessments were conducted using standardized tools and approaches, which enabled pooling data for aggregate analysis. The pooled data provided a larger population to better address the requestors' concern of the effect of exposure to alpha-diketones on the respiratory heath of coffee workers. This paper describes the rationale for the exposure and health assessment strategy, the approach used to achieve the study objectives, and its advantages and limitations.

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Section: Methods and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Factors Database Development and Modeling Exposure Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategy for Field Evaluations of Exposures and Respiratory Health of Workers at Small- to Medium-Sized Coffee Facilities

Virji

Cummings

Cox‐Ganser

2021

Front. Public Health

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“…A multiplicative 90% interval for the geometric mean (GM) is also given in Table 1. Example scenarios for the different exposure classes are given in Table 2 of Marquart et al (2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overview of the ART version 1.0 is given in Tielemans et al (2011). Technical details on various aspects of the ART 1.0 have been published elsewhere (Cherrie et al , 2011; Fransman et al , 2011; Marquart et al , 2011; Schinkel et al , 2011; Van Tongeren et al , 2011). Whilst the Bayesian approach was described in broad terms in Tielemans et al (2011), a detailed methodology has not been previously published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced REACH Tool: A Bayesian Model for Occupational Exposure Assessment

McNally

Warren

Fransman

et al. 2014

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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This paper describes a Bayesian model for the assessment of inhalation exposures in an occupational setting; the methodology underpins a freely available web-based application for exposure assessment, the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). The ART is a higher tier exposure tool that combines disparate sources of information within a Bayesian statistical framework. The information is obtained from expert knowledge expressed in a calibrated mechanistic model of exposure assessment, data on inter- and intra-individual variability in exposures from the literature, and context-specific exposure measurements. The ART provides central estimates and credible intervals for different percentiles of the exposure distribution, for full-shift and long-term average exposures. The ART can produce exposure estimates in the absence of measurements, but the precision of the estimates improves as more data become available. The methodology presented in this paper is able to utilize partially analogous data, a novel approach designed to make efficient use of a sparsely populated measurement database although some additional research is still required before practical implementation. The methodology is demonstrated using two worked examples: an exposure to copper pyrithione in the spraying of antifouling paints and an exposure to ethyl acetate in shoe repair.

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“…In this system the worker activity coding was done with an initial list of 25 Process Categories (PROCs), extended to 28 in a later version of the guidance, which represent handling and applications of chemical substances and products commonly encountered across many industrial and professional settings. Similar simplified and standardized coding systems have been proposed in other settings, for example by Marquart et al [3] in the development of the Advanced REACH Tool for worker exposure modelling and by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for use in substance risk assessment for specific sectors of industry [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ECETOC-Targeted Risk Assessment Tool for Worker Exposure Estimation in REACH Registration Dossiers of Chemical Substances—Current Developments

Urbanus

Henschel

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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(1) Background: The ECETOC Targeted Risk Assessment (TRA) tool is widely used for estimation of worker exposure levels in the development of dossiers for REACH registration of manufactured or imported chemical substances in Europe. A number of studies have been published since 2010 in which the exposure estimates of the tool are compared with workplace exposure measurement results and in some instances an underestimation of exposure was reported. The quality and results of these studies are being reviewed by ECETOC. (2) Methods: Original exposure measurement data from published comparison studies for which six or more data points were available for each workplace scenario and a TRA estimate had been developed to create a curated database to examine under what conditions and for which applications the tool is valid or may need adaptation. (3) Results: The published studies have been reviewed for completeness and clarity and TRA estimates have been constructed based on the available information, following a set of rules. The full review findings are expected to be available in the course of 2021. (4) Conclusions: The ECETOC TRA tool developers periodically review the validity and limitations of their tool, in line with international recommendations.

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Classification of Occupational Activities for Assessment of Inhalation Exposure

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

A Strategy for Field Evaluations of Exposures and Respiratory Health of Workers at Small- to Medium-Sized Coffee Facilities

A Strategy for Field Evaluations of Exposures and Respiratory Health of Workers at Small- to Medium-Sized Coffee Facilities

Advanced REACH Tool: A Bayesian Model for Occupational Exposure Assessment

The ECETOC-Targeted Risk Assessment Tool for Worker Exposure Estimation in REACH Registration Dossiers of Chemical Substances—Current Developments

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